| A | B |
|---|
| Invention of facts | applies if a witness creates new facts not included in and which can be reasonably inferred from his/her statement |
| Relevance | Evidence that has no bearing on the case, unfairly prejudices the court, confuses the issues, or is a waste of time |
| Lack of foundation | before a witness can testify to certain facts, it must be shown that the witness was in a position to know about those facts |
| Speculation | Witness is being asked to guess about something to which they were not a direct witness |
| Character | Prejudicial testimony about a witness's life that would irrelevantly and unfairly prejudice jurors |
| Opinion | Only allowed by witnesses allowed in as experts |
| Hearsay | An out of court statement by someone who is not available to be cross-examined |
| Leading question | a question that suggest the answer desired. |
| Compound question | a question that joins two questions with "and" or "or |
| Narrative | a question that is too general and calls for the witness in essence to tell a story |
| Argumentative | a question that challenges the witness about an inference from the facts in the case or is excessively aggressive |
| Asked and answered | asking a question that has been already asked |
| Non responsive witness | a witness who does not answer the question asked. |
| Scope | Re-direct questions are limited to issues raised during cross examination |
| Business record | Documents whose authors cannot be cross-examined in courts but which are accepted day-to-day in a specific setting as factual |
| Learned treatise | Documents whose authors cannot be cross-examined in courts but which are accepted as truth because they have been published in a respectable publication |
| Sustained | What the judge says if he agrees with the objection. |
| Overruled | What the judge says if he disagrees with the objection. |
| Stipulations | Matters that have been resolved before the trial so that no one will object to them |
