| A | B |
| Nat Turner | leader of a violent revolt against slavery |
| slave codes | laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans |
| spiritual | African-American-composed religious folk song blending Biblical themes with realities of slavery |
| Daniel Boone | pioneer who helped clear the Wilderness Road and led settlers into Kentucky |
| National Road | the first road funded by the federal government |
| turnpike | another name for a toll road |
| corduroy roads | to cross marshy areas, roads built of sawed-off logs laid side by side |
| Henry Clay | Senator who persuaded Congress to approve the Missouri Compromise |
| Erie Canal | channel dug across land from Lake Erie (Buffalo, NY) to the Hudson River (Albany, NY), which led to New York City |