| A | B |
|---|
| element | simplest form of matter to have unique properties |
| electrons in the outer most shell | valence electrons |
| isotopes | same number of protons, different number of neutrons |
| ions | charged particles with unequal number of protons and electrons |
| anion | negative ion |
| cation | positive ion |
| electrolytes | ionize in water (acids, bases and salts) |
| molecules | chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond |
| compounds | molecules composed of two or more different elements |
| ionic bond | attraction of oppositely charged ions |
| covalent bone | strongest bond sharing electrons |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly reactive oxygen or nitrogen atom in another molecule |
| solution | made of a solvent (liquid) and solute (solid) |
| acid | is any proton donor (H+) |
| base | proton acceptor |
| acidic | below 7 on pH scale |
| basic (alkaline) | above 7 n pH scale |
| energy | capacity to do work |
| decomposition reaction (catabolic) | large molecule breaks into smaller ones |
| synthesis reaction (anabolic) | small molecules combine to form a larger one |
| exchange reaction | two molecules exchange atoms or groups of atoms |
| reversible reaction | can go in either direction under different circumstances |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars such as glucose |
| disaccharides | composed of two monosaccharides such as sucrose |
| polysaccharides | complex carbohydrate such as glycogen or starch |
| lipids | fat like substances insoluble in water |
| proteins | made up of submits of amino acids joined by peptide bonds |
| denaturation | the change in shape of a protein |
| enzymes | catalysts that speed up chemical reactions |
| substrate | molecule an enzyme acts upon |
| active site | site on enzyme where substrate binds |
| cofactors | nonprotein molecule that helps the enzyme function |
| nucleotides | made up of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group (found in DNA) |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate body most important energy transfer molecule |
| Nucleic acids | polymers of nucleotides (DNA) |
