| A | B |
|---|
| plasma membrane | defines boundary of cell, governs interactions with other cells and controls passage of materials in and out of cell |
| microvilli | extensions of cell membrane help to increase surface area |
| cilia | hair linke processes that help to propel materials |
| diffusion | net movement of particles from greater to lesser concentration |
| selectively permeable | describes a membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through but not others |
| filtration | process where physical pressures force fluid through a selectively permeable membrane |
| osmosis | the movement of water from greater to lesser concentration |
| hypotonic | lower concentration of solutes |
| hypertonic | higher concentration of solutes |
| facilitated diffusion | carrier mediated transport of a solute down its concentration gradient |
| primary active transport | a carrier moves a substance through a membrane up its concentration gradient with help of ATP |
| secondary active transport | a movement across the membrane with the indirect use of ATP (sodium-glucose transporters) |
| vesicular transport | movement of large amounts of molecules, droplets of fluid, large particles with the help of vesicles |
| endocytosis | vesicles that bring matter into the cell |
| exocytosis | vesicles that release materials from the cell |
| phagocytosis | cell eating (engulfing particles such as bacteria, dust and cellular debris) |
| pinocytosis | cell drinking (process of taking in liquids) |
| receptor mediated endocytosis | the taking in of a substance that binds to a specific receptor on the surface |
| cytoskeleton | network of proteins microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules that support the cell, determine its shape, organizes its contents, and contributes to movement |
| nucleus | largest organelle contains cells chromosomes control center of the cell. |
| nucleoli | where ribosomes are produced |
| rough ER | flattened sacs with ribosomes, produces phospholipids and proteins |
| smooth ER | synthesizes steroids and other lipids, detoxifies alcohol and other drugs and manufactures all membranes of the cell |
| ribosomes | assemble amino acids into proteins |
| golgi complex | receives proteins from rough ER for processing. Sorts, cuts and splices them. Also may add carbohydrates to them. Packages into vesicles for export |
| lysosomes | package of digestive enzymes that break molecules down |
| peroxisomes | resemble lysosomes, contains enzymes. Use molecular oxygen to oxidize organic molecules. Produces hydrogen peroxide which is converted to water and oxygen by the enzyme catalase |
| proteosomes | functions in ridding cell of faulty proteins |
| mitochondria | synthesizes ATP (powerhouse of the cell) |
| centrioles | cylindrical groups of microtubules function in cell division |
