| A | B |
|---|
| achieved status | a voluntary social position; reflects ability and effort |
| bureaucracy | an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently |
| bureaucratic inertia | the tendency of bureaucratic organ¬izations to perpetuate themselves |
| bureaucratic ritualism | a focus on rules; undermines an organization's goals |
| dyad | a social group with two members |
| formal organization | a large secondary group organized to achieve its goals efficiently |
| in-group | a social group toward which a member feels respect and commitment |
| master status | a status that has special importance for social identity |
| nonverbal communication | communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions |
| out-group | a social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition |
| personal space | the surrounding area over which a person |
| primary group | a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships |
| reference group | a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations |
| role | behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status |
| role conflict | conflict among the roles corresponding to two or more statuses |
| role strain | tension among the roles connected to a single status |
| secondary group | a large and impersonal social group set to pursue a specific goal |
| social group | two or more people who identify and inter¬act with one another |
| social interaction | the process by which people act and react in relation to others |
| status | a social position that a person holds |
| ascribed status | a social position a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life |
| triad | a social group with three members |
