| A | B |
|---|
| apostrophe | the speaker is addressing an abstract idea, an aspect of nature, or a person who is not there |
| anaphora | repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines |
| epistrophe | Using the same word or words to end a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences |
| allusion | A brief reference to something well known--previous literary works, famous people, places, or events |
| contrast/antithesis | Structuring phrases and words to highlight the differences between two or more things; the second part is usually positive |
| imagery | Words that create mental pictures and often appeal to the senses (sight, sound, taste, smell, touch) |
| simile | Makes a comparison using “like” or “as” |
| metaphor | Makes a comparison without using “like” or “as” |
| rule of three | allows a speaker to express a concept, emphasize it, and make it memorable; can be three separate sentences, phrases within a sentence, etc |
| parallelism | structuring of items in a similar fashion. |
| pun | a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings. |
| hyperbaton | an inversion of the normal order of words, especially for the sake of emphasis |
| anadiplosis | A rhetorical device in which a writer or speaker uses a word near the end of the clause and then repeats that word to begin the next clause for emphasis |
| polyptoton | repetition of the same root word in a different way. |
