| A | B |
|---|
| black codes | a series of southern laws to limit the rights of African Americans |
| carpetbagger | a name for a northerner who went to the South after the Civil War |
| civil rights | rights belonging to all citizens |
| Civil Rights Act | gave African Americans the same legal rights as white Americans |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Congress passed in 1869, stated a person could not be denied the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude; passed laws against KKK |
| Fourteenth Amendment | all people born in the U.S. are citizens; state govts. CANNOT take away the rights of ANY citizen; states that prevent ANY male citizen from voting would lose representatives in Congress; former Confederate leaders could not hold office |
| freedman | a person freed from slavery |
| Freedmen's Bureau | first federal office set up to help people in need; started schools for once enslaved people and poor whites; gave clothing |
| impeach | to accuse a high public official (like the president of the U.S.) of a crime |
| Johnson's impeachment | Johnson didn't like the reconstruction acts because he felt they gave the U.S. govt. MORE power than they should have; Johnson also didn't want to punish former Confederate officers as the Radical Republicans wanted; Radical Republicans fought to have him impeached but he was saved by ONE vote |
| Johnson's plan | similar to Lincoln's; South could DECIDE if they wanted to give freed African Americans the right to vote; South HAD to ratify the 13th Amendment which ended slavery |
| Lincoln's plan | Southerners had to promise to end slavery; South had to take an OATH before being forgiven; South could set up a new govt. after 10% took the oath; property (NOT SLAVES) would be returned to those who took the loyalty oath |
| poll tax | a tax paid before someone can vote |
| reconstruction | the time period after the Civil War when the United States began to rebuild |
| Republican State Govts. | passed laws against segregation...however not everyone followed these; there was not enough MONEY to take care of all the problems |
| Rutherford Hayes | elected President in 1876 and finally pulled troops from the South...ENDING RECONSTRUCTION |
| scalawag | a name for a white Southerner who supported reconstruction government |
| sharecropping | farming someone else's land while paying a SHARE of the crops raised for rent |
| segregation | the separation of people by race |
| Ulysses S. Grant | elected President in 1868 and 1872; supported reconstruction; by 1872 many people were "over" reconstruction and Grant wanted to remove Federal troops from the South |
