| A | B |
|---|
| Characteristics found on DNA as “genes” | Trait |
| Passing of traits (via meiosis) | Heredity |
| Study of heredity | Genetics |
| Parent generation | P1 |
| Offspring generation from a F1 generation | F2 |
| An alternate form (one of two diff. forms) of a gene; typically symbolized with a letter (ie. H or h) | Allele |
| “Appearance” (physical) used to express a trait ; what the alleles mean. ie brown eyes or having dimples | Phenotype |
| “Symbol” (code) used to express a trait ; pair(s) of alleles (of same “letter”). ie Yy or HhBB | Genotype |
| Form of a gene (or allele) that is primarily “expressed” | Dominant |
| Use UPPERCASE alleles , Use alleles that best represent the phenotype , UPPERCASE before lowercase in a genotype , Trait expressed if both or one of the two alleles is UPPERCASE | Dominant Rules |
| Form of a gene (allele) that is typically “hidden” | Recessive |
| Use lowercase alleles , Use same “letter” as dominant allele , Use lines over alleles that look like uppercase , Trait expressed if both alleles are lowercase | Recessive Rules |
| Two genes (alleles) in a pair are “similar” | Homozygous |
| Two genes (alleles) in a pair are “different” | Heterozygous |
| AA | Homozygous Dominant |
| Aa | Heterozygous |
| aa | Homozygous Recessive |
| The number of genes; thus DNA's, being represented in this genotype: Yy | 2 |
| An area on a DNA that codes for a trait; symbolized with alleles when doing genetic problems and applications. | Gene |
| Father of Genetics | Gregory Mendel |
