| A | B |
|---|
| gladius | sword |
| bêstiârius | beast-fighter |
| bêstiae | wild beasts |
| rêtia | nets |
| vênâtiô | wild animal hunt |
| amphitheâtrum | amphitheater |
| arêna | area where gladiators fought |
| cavea | seating area |
| murmillônês | "fish-heads" |
| tuba | trumpet |
| pollicem vertit | turns his thumb up |
| spectâculum | show |
| pugio | dagger |
| scutum | large curved shield |
| manica | armguard |
| parmula | light weight round shield |
| galerus | shoulder guard for retiarius |
| sica | curved sword |
| cestus | armored glove, boxer who wore it |
| ocrea | greave, shinguard |
| Andabata | fought blind |
| Crupellarii | wore heavy armor |
| Dimachaerus | used a sword in each hand. |
| Eques | horseman or cavalryman. |
| Essedarius | fought from a chariot |
| Gallus | a heavyweight, and heavily armoured, |
| Gladiatrix | modern term, referring to a female gladiator of any type |
| Hoplomachus | wore quilted, trouser-like leg wrappings, loincloth, a belt, a pair of long shin-guards or greaves, an arm guard (manica) on the sword-arm, and a brimmed helmet that could be adorned with a plume of feathers on top and a single feather on each side. He was equipped with a gladius and a very small, round shield. |
| Laquearius | a kind of retiarius who tried to catch his adversaries with a lasso (laqueus) instead of a net. He was equipped also with a dagger for use once he snared his opponent |
| Murmillo | wore a helmet with a stylised fish on the crest (the mormylos or sea fish), as well as an arm guard (manica), a loincloth and belt, a gaiter on his right leg, thick wrappings covering the tops of his feet, and a very short greave with an indentation for the padding at the top of the feet. They are heavily armoured gladiators: |
| Parmularius | any gladiator who carried a parmula (small shield), in contrast to a scutarius, who bore a larger shield (scutum). To compensate for this reduced protection, parmularii were usually equipped with two greaves, rather than the single greave of a scutarius. The thraex would have been named as parmularii. |
| Provocator | have been shown wearing a loincloth, a belt, a long greave on the left leg, a manica on the lower right arm, and a visored helmet without brim or crest, but with a feather on each side. They were the only gladiators protected by a breastplate (cardiophylax) which is usually rectangular, later often crescent-shaped. They fought with a tall, rectangular shield and the gladius. |
| Retiarius | carried a trident and a net, equipment styled on that of a fisherman |
| Rudiarius | gladiator who had earned his freedom received a wooden sword |
| Sagittarius | a mounted archer, armed with a reflex bow capable of propelling an arrow a great distance. |
| Samnite | an early type of heavily armed fighter that disappeared in the early imperial period, armed with a long rectangular shield (scutum), a plumed helmet, a short sword, and probably a greave on his left leg |
| Scissor | used a special short sword with two blades that looked like a pair of open scissors without a hinge, fought using a weapon consisting of a hardened steel tube that encased the gladiator's entire forearm, with the hand end capped off and a semicircular blade attached to it |
| Scutarius | any gladiator who used a large shield |
| Secutor | developed to fight the retiarius. As a variant of the murmillo, he wore the same armour and weapons, including the tall rectangular shield and the gladius. The helmet of the secutor, however, covered the entire face with the exception of two small eye-holes in order to protect his face from the thin prongs of the trident of his opponent. The helmet was also round and smooth so that the retiarius net could not get a grip on it. |
| Thraex | wore the same protective armour as the hoplomachi with a broad rimmed helmet that enclosed the entire head, distinguished by a stylized griffin on the protome or front of the crest (the griffin was the companion of the avenging goddess Nemesis), a small round or square-shaped shield (parmula), and two thigh-length greaves. His weapon was the Thracian curved sword ( |
| Veles | fought on foot, each holding a spear with an attached thong for throwing |
| cardiophylax | short breastplate |
| Naumachia | sea battle staged in the arena |
| Venatio | wild animal hunt |
| galea | helmet |
| editor | sponsor of the show |
| The riot at Pompeii occurred in | 59 AD |
