| A | B |
|---|
| adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary gland |
| neurohypophysis | posterior pituitary gland |
| hypophyseal portal system | connects hypothalamus with anterior pituitary gland |
| hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract | connects hypothalamus with posterior pituitary gland |
| anterior pituitary hormones | FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, PRL, GH |
| posterior pituitary hormones | ADH and OT |
| FSH | in ovaries stimulates secretion of ovarian sex hormones and development of follicles. In testes stimulates sperm production |
| LH | in females stimulates ovulation. stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone. In males stimulates testes to secrete testosterone |
| ACTH | stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete corticoids (cortisol) |
| PRL | stimulation of breasts to produce milk after birth of child |
| GH | stimulate mitosis and cellular differentiation to promote body growth |
| ADH | increases water retention by the kidneys, reduces urine volume, helps prevent dehydration. Also called vasopressin. |
| OT | surges during sexual arousal and orgasm, possibly aiding in propelling semen through male reproductive tract, stimulates uterine contraction, feelings of sexual satisfaction, stimulates labor contractions, stimulates flow of milk to the nipple. |
| pineal gland | produces melatonin which helps in establishing 24 hour circadian rhythms |
| thymus gland | secretes thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin which stimulates the activity of the T cells of immune system |
| thyroid gland | produces tiiodothyronine T3 and tetraiodothyronine T4. controls our metabolic rate. Also produces calcitonin which lowers blood calcium levels. |
| PTH | produced by parathyroid gland, helps to raise blood calcium levels |
| Adrenal cortex | made of the zone glomerulosa which secretes the mineralcorticoids, zone fasiculata which secretes glucocorticoids and zone reticularis which secretes androgens |
| aldosterone | most significant mineralocorticoid (released during falling blood pressure) stimulates kidneys to retain sodium, and with it water. |
| cortisol | most potent glucocorticoid, stimulate fat and protein catabolism and gluconeogenesis and release of fatty acids and glucose into the blood. help body adapt to stress |
| androgens | in both sexes produce pubic and axillary hair and also libido and sex drive |
| pancreas hormones | produced by the pancreatic islets. include glucagon from alpha cells, insulin by beta cells, somatostatin by delta cells and pancreatic polypeptide by PP cells |
| glucagon | exerts most of its affects on liver: breakdown of glycogen to glucose and synthesis of glucose from fats and proteins |
| insulin | targets liver muscles and adipose tissue. stimulates cells to absorb glucose fatty acids and amino acids. lowers blood glucose |
| somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) | regulate speed of digestion and nutrient absorption and modify activity of other pancreatic islet cells |
