| A | B |
|---|
| Phase of matter most abundant in the universe? | plasma |
| Three types of radiation. | alpha, beta, gamma |
| What device would be measured in grams? | balance |
| What equation do we use to calculate density? | density equals mass over volume |
| State of matter with no definite volume or shape? | gas |
| Equipment used to measure length? | meter stick |
| Time needed for the half of atoms of a given sample to break down? | half-life |
| kilo- | 1000 |
| Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei (atoms) | nuclear fission |
| Insoluble solid that is formed from two, evidence of a chemical change | precipitate |
| Merging (joining) of two or more nuclei to form a heavier atom. | nuclear fusion |
| Atoms that are chemically combined are.... | compounds |
| What equipment would be used to measure weight? | spring scale |
| Substances that result from a reaction? | products |
| On zigzag of the periodic table, some characteristics of metals and non-metals | metalloids |
| Not soluble in each other, will not mix | immiscible |
| Identifies the atom or element | atomic number |
| Negative particles in energy levels that orbit nucleus | electron |
| What is energy and what are the two main types of it | ability to do work , potential and kinetic |
| Physical combinations of materials or substances;not chemically joined | mixtures |
| Mass of an atom | atomic mass |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means | element |
| Law of Conservation of matter | matter cannot be created nor destroyed |
| Change in matter that does change the chemical composition of the matter? | chemical change |
| Forces that hold 2 or more atoms together to form a compound or molecule | chemical bond |
| Atoms of the same element with different # of neutrons and atomic masses | isotopes |
| Characteristics of matter that can easily be seen or measured? | physical properties |
| In nucleus, no charge | neutrons |
| Substances that enter a reaction | reactants |
| A change in matter in which it is not changed chemically but has changed it's outer apperance? | physical change |
| Not easily seen or measured | chemical properties |
| In the nucleus and has a +charge | proton |
| The smallest unit of a substance? that has all the properties of that substance | molecule |
| The smallest unit of an element that can combine chemically with other elements? | atom |
| Iron + sulfure----> ironsulfade; what is this called? | word equation |
| Vertical columns on the periodic table? | groups or families |
| Educated guess | hypothesis |
| Process in which energy is given off as a result of changes in the nucleus? | radioactivity |
| Properties of Acids | sour, corrodes metal, H+ ions-->H3o+ hydronium ions, neutralize bases turn blue litmus paper red |
| To change from a solid to a gas | sublimation |
| To change from a liquid to a solid | freezing |
| Used to explain how matter behaves and states that matter is made of particles in CONSTANT MOTION | kinetic theory |
| Density of water? | 1g/mL |
| What equipment would measure in milli-liters? | graduated cylinder |
| To change from a liquid to a gas (less than 212 degrees F) | evaporation |
| To change from a solid to a liquid | melting |
| To change from a liquid to a gas | boiling |
| On the periodic table the <---> horizontal rows, *tells how many energy levels the atom has | periods |
| Group 7A or 17; make 7- ions; salt formers | halogens |
| Reaction between the H+ ions of an acid and the OH- ions of a base to become neutral | neutalization |
| When an equal number of H+ and OH- ions are present resulting in a totally neutral solution | complete neutralization |
| Compound made of the + ion of a base and the - ion of an acid | salt |
| Will not dissolve | insoluble |
| Mixture of a solute and a solvent | solution |
| Solid containing atoms that are arranged in a regular pattern? | crystal |
| Chemical change that occurs when an electric current passes through a liquid | electrolysis |
| A compund always contains the same proportion by mass of the elements that make up that particular compund | Law of constant Proportions |
| Method of finding volume of irregular shaped object? | water displacement |
| Process of changing from a gas to a liquid | condensation |
| Soluable | will disolve |
| Alkaline (alkali) earth metals | group 2a or 2 - makes 2+ ions |
| Noble gases | group 8a or 18, inert gases, do not make ions |
| Equipment used to measure volume? | Graduated cylinder |
| density | ratio of mass per volume; how compact particles are; d=m/v |
| If you mix and acid and a base, what is formed? | a salt and water |
| Convert 50 meters to centimeters | 5000 centimeters |
| hecto | hundred |
| Uncharged atoms have equal number of what particles? | electrons (-) and protons (+) |
| How are elements arranged on the periodic table? | increasing atomic number |
| Part of the solution (solid) that is dissolved in the solvent (water)? | Solute |
| Charge on an ion (charged atom) caused by gaining or losing electrons. | oxidation or valence number |
| What devise is used to measure the volume of liquid? | graduated cylinder |
| Group of atoms that bond as a unit and a single ion (i.e., OH) | radicals or polyatomic ions |
| Characteristics of Metals | luster (shiny); usually solid at room temperature; malleable/ductile; good conductors; high densties |
| Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? | diffusion |
| Characteristics of non-metals | lack luster; poor conductors; break or shatter; low densities |
| The letters "HCl" represent? | A chemical formula |
| The letters "Sn", "Cl", or "K" represent? | chemical symbols |
| What is hydrion paper used for? | indicating acids and bases |
| What devise is used to measure mass? | triple beam balance |
| Increase in temperature causes the rate of diffusion to ...? | increase or speed up |
| Heating a solvent (liquid) to dissolve the very most solute (solid) in the solvent? | Super-saturated |
| Solution with a relatively large amount of solute (solid) in the solvent (liquid)? | concentrated |
| PH of an acid? | Between 0 and 7 (7 is nuetral) |
| PH of a base? | Between 7 and 14 (7 is nuetral) |
| Indicates charge on an ion. | oxidation or valence number |
| This sub atomic particle has about the same mass as a proton. | neutron |
| Substances that enter into a chemical reaction? | reactants |
| Substances that conduct an electric current when dissolved or melted? | electrolytes |
| What number on the periodic table do we use to identify an atom? | atomic number which equals the number of protons and electrons |
| kinetic energy | energy in motion |
| Amount of space a piece of matter takes up? | volume |
| The place where you measure the volume when using a graduated cylinder? | meniscus |
| Substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base? | indicator |
| deka | ten |
| tera | trillion |
| The amount of matter something has (constant)? | mass |
| What elements are least reactive? | noble gases |
| Equipment used to measure weight? | spring scale |
| Equipment used to measure mass? | triple beam balance |
| Used to identify compounds by showing the kind and number of atoms that are present. | chemical formula |
| Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) | matter |
| How many electrons are in the outer shell of an atom in group 17 or 7A? | 7 electrons |
| Bond between atoms that gain or lose electrons (transferred). Makes ions. | ionic bond |
| Bond between atoms that share electrons? | covalent bond |
| State of matter with definite volume but no definite shape. | liquid |
| Smallest part of an element? | atom |
| Unlike charges do what? | Attract +'s or -'s |
| Like charges do what? | Repel +'s or -'s |
| 3 basic parts of an atom? | protons, electrons, neutrons (PEN) |
| Periodic Table of Elements is arranged by? | Atomic number |
| What does the atomic mass tell you? | The total number of particles found in the nucleus (average mass). |
| How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom? | Atomic mass less atomic number |
| Atoms of the same element - adds neutrons, but stays the same element? | isotopes |
| Isotopes have different numbers of what part of the atom? | neutrons |
| What does the 12 mean in "C-12" | The actual mass of Carbon-12 |
| What does the atomic number tell you? | The number of protons (+) and electrons (-) |
| How many electrons are in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th energy levels? | 2, 8, 18, 32 |
| Where are electrons found? | In energy levels that surround the nucleus |
| What are two types of chemical bonds? | ionic and covalent |
| Covalently bonded atoms that act like a single atom. They stay united even during chemical reactions. | Radicals or polyatomic ions |
| Bond formed as a result of transferring electrons between atoms creating +/- ions. | Ionic Bonding |
| Some elements have more than one oxidation/valence number. How is that number represented? | They are noted by a Roman numeral -- Iron (IV) |
| Chemical bonds formed by "sharing" electrons in the outer energy level. | covalent bonding |
| Complex substance broken down into simpler substances (reaction type?) | decomposition |
| Two or more substances combined to form a more complex substance (reaction type?) | synthesis reaction |
| One element replaces another element in a reaction (reaction type?) | single replacement/displacement |
| Molecules are always in motion. How fast these molecules move depends on the temperature. | Kinetic Theory |
| Energy that causes molecules to have motion. | Kinetic energy |
| Mixing of molecules as a result of their motion - occurs from area of high concentration to area of low concentration. | diffusion |
| What are the three phases of matter? | solid, liquid, gas |
| Point where liquid turns to a solid? | freezing |
| Escape of fast moving particles from the surface of liquid (Hot or cold) at temperatures below boiling point? | evaporation |
| Changing from gas to liquid; you decrease kinetic energy (getting colder) | condensation |
| Matter changes from a solid to a gas without going thru liquid stage. | sublimation |
| Point where liquid turns to gas. (212 degrees F; 100 degrees C) | Boiling point |
| Point where solid turns to liquid. (32 degrees F; 0 degrees C) | Melting point |
| Takes up definite volume and has definite shape. | solid |
| Takes up definite volume, but no definite shape. | Liquid |
| No definite volume or shape | gas |
| Particles are strongly bonded (Solid, liquid or gas?) | solid |
| Large amount of space between particles (Solid, liquid or gas?) | gas |
| Particles move slowly (vibrate in place, little Kinetic energy) (Solid, liquid or gas?) | solid |
| Matter can be changed by one phase to another by changing? | temperature |
| What are three ways to increase the speed that solutes dissolve? | heat; stirring/shaking; grinding into a small powder |
| What are three ways to increase the speed that gases are put into solutions? | decrease temp; do not shake; apply pressure |
| Small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent. | Dilute solution |
| A large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent. | Concentrated solution |
| A point where no more solute will disolve at a given temperature. | Saturated Solution |
| Point where you heat up the solution so it can hold more solute. | Super-saturated solution |
| A substance will dissolve in a solvent. | Soluable |
| A substance will not dissolve in a solvent. | Insoluable |
| Two liquids that are soluable. | Miscible |
| Two liquids that are insoluable in each other. | immiscible |
| Substances that do not conduct electric current when dissolved or melted? | non-electrolytes (sugar) |
| Substances that conduct electric current when dissolved or melted. | electrolytes (salt) |
| Process by which energy is given off as a result of changes in the nucleus. | radioactivity |
| Similar to an x-ray; most penetrating type of radioactivity. | Gamma radiation |
| High speed electrons; needs 3cm of wood to stop this type of radiation. | Beta radiation |
| All elements with an atomic number greater than 83 are? | radioactive |
| The merging together of two or more lighter nucleus to form a heavier nucleus resulting in the release of large amounts of energy. | Nuclear Fussion |
| Splitting of a heavy radioactive nucleus into 2-lighter nucleus -- emitting radiation + energy. | Nuclear Fission |
| Rate at which the nucleus of an atom breaks down to form other substances? | Half-Life |
| What is the basic unit of measure for weight? | Newton (N) |
| What is the basic unit of measure for time? | second (s) |
| What are the three classes of matter? | element, compound, mixture |
| di- | two |
| mono- | one |
| tri- | three |
| tetra- | four |
| penta- | five |
| POv4 ^-3 | phosphate |
| COv3 ^-1 | carbonate |
| ClOv3 ^-1 | chlorate |
| OH ^-1 | hydroxide |
| SOv3 ^-2 | sulfite |
| SOv4 ^-2 | sulfate |
| NOv3 ^-1 | nitrate |
| NOv2 ^-1 | nitrite |
| HCOv3 ^-1 | hydrogen carbonate / bicarbonate |
| NHv4 ^+1 | ammonium |
| Cv2Hv3Ov2 ^-1 | acetate |
| HCOv3 | carbonic acid |
| HNOv3 | nitric acid |
| HCL | hydrochloric acid |
| HPOv4 | phosphoric acid |
| HCv2Hv3Ov2 | acetic acid |
| NaOH | sodium hydroxide |
| CaOH | calcium hydroxide |
| KOH | potassium hydroxide |
| MgOH | magnesium hydroxide |
| NH4OH | ammonium hydroxide |
| any mixtureof immiscible liquids in which the liquids are spread throughtout one another | emulsion |
| a mixture of tiny pure substance mixed in another that don't settle out | colloid |
| mixture that looks uniform when stirred or shaken that seperates into layers when no longer agitated | suspention |
| the way a substance reacts to form a new substance | chemical properties |
| the abbility of a substance to combine chemically with another substance | reactivity |
| a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance | physical properties |
| change that occurs when a substance changes composition by forming one or more new substances | chemical change |
| a change in the physical form or properties of a substance that occurs without a change in composition | physical change |
| the arrangement of bonded atoms or ions within a substance | chemical structure |
| this measures the hydronium ion concentration in a solution | pH |
| a compound that can reversibly change color in a solution, depending on the concentration of hydronium ions | indicator |
| positive ions fron the base and negative ions fron the acid form what | salt |
