| A | B |
|---|
| nucleotide | a base, sugar, and phosphate |
| base pair | two bases that pair together |
| amino acid | three nucleotides |
| mutations | changes in the structure of DNA during replication |
| RNA | half a strand of DNA |
| insertion | when an amino acid or base pair gets inserted into the DNA strand |
| deletion | when an amino acid or base pair gets removed from the DNA pair |
| substitution | when a nucleotide or amino acid substitutes for another |
| ribosomes | where amino acids match to the complementary bases |
| gene splicing | purposely mutating the DNA strand |
| Chargaff's Rule | Adenine = Thymine, Cytosine = Guanine |
| Watson and Crick | Made first model of DNA |
| double helix | another term for DNA's shape |
| Hydrogen | what bonds the bases together |
| Incomplete dominance | when a dominant trait shares its dominance with another trait |
| mutagen | anything that can cause a mutation |
| types of mutagens | radiation, drugs, chemicals |
| Pedigree | a tool used to trace traits through a family |
| genetic engineering | when scientists alter genes |
