| A | B |
|---|
| Matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |
| Mass | the quantity of matter an object has |
| Atom | the fundamental unit of matter |
| Nucleus | the central core |
| Proton | a subatomic particle with a positive charge |
| Electron | a subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits around the nucleus at tremendous speeds |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle with no charge |
| Elements | substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
| Atomic Number | number of protons in an atom |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element differing in the number of neutrons they contain |
| Mass Number | the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atome |
| Radioisotopes | Isotopes that have an unstable nuclei which tend to release some particles or radiant energy |
| Compounds | consist of atoms of two or more elements that are joined by chemical bonds |
| Ionic Bonds | a bond formed by electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
| Covalent Bond | forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Mixture | the combined substances do retain their original chemical properties |
| Solution | a mixture where one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance |
| Solute | the substance being dissolved in the solution |
| Solvent | the substance in which the solute is dissolved |
| Concentration | a measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution. |
| Aqueous solution | solutions in which water is the solvent |
| Suspension | a mixture in which particles spread through a liquid or a gas but settle out over time |
| Colloids | are mixtures in which, like solutions,particles do not settle out over time |
| Gel | a colloid in a semisolid state |
| Acid Solution | A solution containing more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions |
| Base Solution | solution contains many more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions |
| pH Scale | a scale for measuring the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions |
| Energy | ability to do work |
| Potential Energy | stored energy or energy of potential |
| Kinetic Energy | energy of motion |
| Chemical Reaction | process of breaking chemical bonds or of forming new bonds or both |
| Chemical Equations | an equation showing the products and reactants of a chemical reaction |
| Activation Energy | is the amount of energy required for the reaction to being |
| Exothermic Reactions | Chemical reaction that involve a net release of energy |
| Endothermic Reactions | reactoins that involve a net absorption of energy |
| Intermediary Metabolism | series of chemical reactions by which energy is released slowly in controlled amounts that will not damage cells |
