| A | B |
|---|
| Applied Genetics | the manipulation of the hereditary characteristics of an organism to improve or create specific traits in offspring |
| Controlled Breeding | manipulating the hereditary characteristics of offspring by selecting parents with specific phenotypic traits |
| Mass Selection | the process of choosing a few individuals to act as parents from a large pool of individuals |
| Inbreeding | type of breeding based on the idea that individuals with similar phenotypes also will have similar genotypes |
| Hybridization | two different but related species or varieties of plants or animals are crossed |
| Hybrids | Products of this type of crossbreeding |
| Hybrid Vigor | the quality displayed by hybrids that grow faster and are healthier than their parents |
| Polyploidy | condition in which cells contain multiple, complete sets of chromosomes |
| Colchicine | chemical that prohibits the formation of the cell plate during cell division |
| Genetic Engineering | molecular basis of inheritance has led to a new form of applied genetics |
| Recombinant DNA | composed of DNA segments from at least two different organisms |
| Restriction Enzymes | proteins that cut a DNA molecule into pieces |
| Gene Splicing | process by which a gene from one organism is placed into the DNA of another organism |
| Plasmid | a single ring DNA in bacteria |
| Gene Cloning | process by which the human gene is replicated |
| Gene Sequencing | process of determining the exact order of bases in a fragment of DNA |
