| A | B |
|---|
| Inheritance | the passing of traits by heredity |
| Heredity | the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring |
| Self-pollination | a reproductive process in which fertilization occurs within a single plant |
| Pollination | the transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma |
| Parental generation | a strain obtained through self pollination |
| P1 generation | a shortened version of parental generation |
| Cross-pollination | transferring pollen from the anthers of a plant pure for one trait to the stigma of another plant pure for a contrasting trait |
| First filial generation | the offspring of the P1 generation |
| F1 generation | a shortened version of first filial generation |
| Second filial generation | the offspring of a self pollinated F1 generation |
| F2 generation | a shortened version of second filial generation |
| Principle of dominance and recessiveness | the principle that one factor in a pair may mask the other factor |
| Dominant | a trait that masks or dominates over the other trait |
| Recessive | a trait that can be masked in the presence of a dominant trait |
| Principle of segregation | the two factors for a characteristic segregate during the formation of eggs and sperm |
| Principle of independent assortment | factors for different characteristics are distributed to reproductive cells independently |
| Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | the external appearence of an organism |
| Homozygous | when both alleles of a pair are the same |
| Heterozygous | when two alleles in a pair are not the same |
| Multiple alleles | when three or more alleles control a trait |
| Probability | the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| Monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| Punnett square | a diagram to help predict the outcome of a trait |
| Testcross | the procedure in which an individual of unknown genotypeis crossed with a homozygous recessive individual |
| Codominance | the phenomenon that occurs when two or more alleles influence the phenotype |
| Dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits |
