| A | B |
|---|
| neutrality/isolationism | US foriegn policy of not taking a side (to avoid war) during the 1930s, before WWII |
| appeasement | French & British policy toward Hitler & Germany, give in to the agressor hoping they won't continue the aggression (like taking land) |
| Axis v. Allies | military alliances during WWII Axis - Germany, Italy, Japan Allies - British, French, USSR, USA |
| Cash & carry policy | U.S. policy of selling goods to countries at war, but they had to pay cash, and carry the goods on their own ships; it was a step away from neutrality |
| Lend Lease Act | U.S. policy that supplied ships and other military supplies to countries fighting this Axis power; big step away from neutrality; we became arsenal of democracy in the world |
| arsenal of democracy | call by President FDR for the U.S. to economically support the war, specifically the democratic Allied countries by providing the needed war supplies for the war effort |
| Pearl Harbor | attack on the U.S. Naval base by Japanese, causing U.S. to enter WWII |
| rationing | government program to fairly distribute limited essential goods (due to the war), included gasoline, rubber tires, coffee, sugar, etc |
| Rosie the Riveter | symbol used by the U.S. government to encourage women to become part of the industrial workforce during WWII |
| War Production Board | government agency that allocated resources to factories, to make sure war goods were made; demonstrated greater government control of the economy during war time |
| D-Day | major Allied invasion at the beaches of Normand, France to open a western Front against Hitler, successful land/sea attack that allowed France to be liberated from Nazi control |
| island hopping | US strategy in the Pacific against Japan, re-take strategic islands as we push the Japanes back to their mainland |
| Manhattan Project | top secret US project to create an atomic bomb during WWII |
| Hiroshima & Nagasaki | Japanese cities where atomic bombs were dropped by US ending WWII |
| Korematsu v. US | Supreme Court case that challenged Japanese internment during WWII based on 14th amendment equal protection, and 5th amendment due process; Court upheld internment as constitutional for the good of national security |
| internment camps | camps within the US where Japanese Americans on the west coast were relocated for national security purposes |
| Holocaust | system killing of the Jews and other groups by the Nazis during WWII |
| Nuremburg Trials | trials for German military and political leaders after WWII; charged with crimes against humanity; demonstrated you would be held accountable for your actions during war |
| 22nd amendment | limited a president to two terms, ratified after FDR's presidency to prevent a president from getting too powerfu |
| Cold War | war of words, ideas, and indirect confrontations between US & USSR from 1940s-1989 |
| United Nations | organization with reps from all countries; purpose is to prevent future world wars by dealing with problems/aggressive nations |
| satellite countries | coutries behind the iron curtain in Eastern Europe that took direction from USSR during Cold War; Ex. East German, Poland |
| communism | economic system where the means of production are controlled by the government; Soviet economic system during Cold War |
| capitalism | economic system where the means of production are privately owned, US economic system |
| totalitarianism | government with absolute power; Stalin's government in USSR during Cold War |
| iron curtain | closed border between Soviet dominated Eastern Europe and the free, democratic western Europe |
| Marshall Plan | U.S economic aid program for Western Europe to help them recover from WWII and keep communism from spreading there |
| Truman Doctrine | Truman's foreign policy that anywhere people are resisting communist aggression, the U.S. will help; containment |
| containment | stopping the spead of Communism; Truman Doctrine |
| NATO | Military alliance between US and 11 other countries in Western Europe, an attack on one is an attack on all; meant to deter Soviet Communist aggression |
| Warsaw Pact | USSR military alliance with its sattelite countries, counteracts NATO |
| Berlin Airlift | US action of bringing in supplies by air, helping West Berlin when the USSR cut off access to the western part of the city to try and take the city |
| nuclear arms race | the attempts by US & USSR to have the biggest/most nuclear weapons to ensure the winning of the Cold War |
| Korean Conflict | 1950-1953 - North Korea invaded South Korea; U.S got involved through the United Nations to stop the spread of Communism (Truman Doctrine/containment) |
| 38th parallel | border between Communist North Korea and free, democratic South Korea - still in place today |
| Gen. MacArthur | US General in charge of UN/US actions in Korea, fired by Pres. Truman for challenging his orders |
| GI Bill | special government money given to WWII veterans to get a college education, and/or loans for houses & small businesses |
| Red Scare | Fear that there are communists in America that are working to overthrow our government |
| Joe McCarthy & McCarthyism | Senator from Wisconsin that led a "witch hunt" for communists, used fear to make false accusations and gain power |
| HUAC | Hous UnAmerican Activities Committee - most known for its invesitgation of Hollywood during Red Scare |
| Alger Hiss | accused of being a Soviet Spy during Red Scare, convicted of perjury, his arrest fueled Red Scare |
| Rosenbergs | couple accused of being Soviet spies and playing a role in sharing the atomic bomb secrets with the USSR; convicted and executed in 1953; fueled greater Red Scare |
| CIA | Centra Intelligence Agency - U.S. "spy" agency used to collect infomation in foreign countries and to ensure we were winning the Cold War |
| NASA | National Aeronautics adn Space Administration - government agency in charge of space exploration, created to help us expand our technology and win the Cold War (in space) |
| disarmament | the process of lessening number adn size of weapons |
| Intersate Highway Act | law under President Eisenhower that build thousands of miles of highways to update our road system for troop movement and evacuations in case of Cold War attack |
| sputnik | USSR's satellite - the first ever put into orbit; triggered Space Race, increased fear, U.S. focused on more science and math in schools as a result |
| Domino Theory | justification for US involvement in Vietnam; if one country falls to communism in a region, other countries will as well |
| suburbs | area that developed around the cities; drew businesses out of the cities, left cities bankrupt; made possible by highway system |
| baby boom | higher number than average births following WWII and throughout the 1950s due to economic boom |
| GI Bill | program created for returning WWII veterans; gave them loans for going to college, buying homes and starting businesses |
| Levittown | most famous suburb outside NYC; houses were mass produced and affordable |
| bombshelters | built in backyards in preparation for nuclear attack during Cold War |
| white flight | the white middle class left the cities and moved to the suburbs leaving cities bankrupt, and minorities with less opportunities struggling |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | Kennedy's failed attempt to support an overthrow of Castro in Cuba |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | USSR attempted to put missles in Cuba, US stopped with a blockade |
| Kennedy-Nixon Debates | political debates that showed the influence of television of favoring a candidate |
| Berlin Wall | structure that blocked East Berlin from West Berlin |
| Peace Corps | volunteers from America sent to help developing nations - prevent communism and promote good will |
