| A | B |
|---|
| phenotype | what the trait looks like |
| genotype | the genetic code for a trait |
| trait | factors or characteristics of an organism |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to their offspring |
| genetics | the study of heredity |
| examples of inherited traits | examples: eye color, hair color, tall or short, tongue roll, cleft chin |
| pollen | contains sperm of flowers |
| dominant | the trait that will be expressed in a hybrid |
| recessive | the trait that will be hidden in a hybrid |
| homozygous | has the same genes or alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | having different genes or alleles for a trait |
| Gregor Mendel | austrian monk - father of modern genetics |
| pea plants | the kind of plant Mendel used in his study of heredity |
| genes | a section of DNA which controls a trait |
| alleles | another name for a gene |
| one strand of DNA | what makes up a chromosome |
| chromosome | found in the nucleus of every cells, contains instructions for everything the cell does |
| 23 pairs | the number of chromosomes humans have |
| XY | letters that stand the male chromosomes |
| XX | letters that stand for the female chromosomes |
| replicates | make an exact copy of itself - chromosomes do this |
| meiosis | the type of cell division that results in eggs and sperm |
| mitosis | the kind of cell division which all cells do to grow and repair |
| both parents | all body cells contain genetic instructions from ------ ------- |
| the egg | contains half the number of chromosomes |
| sperm | contain one half the number of chromosomes |
| fertilized egg | contains the full number of chromosomes |
| Punnett Square | the chart used to determine possible genotypes of offspring |
| mutation | a change in the gene pattern |
| selective breeding | deliberately breeding certain individual organisms to get certain traits, ex:breeding cows to be resistant to anthrax |
