| A | B |
|---|
| voting rights before the Civil War | white men only |
| two main political parties before the Civil War | Democrats and Whigs/Republicans |
| Northern strengths or way of life | factories, urban areas, farms |
| Southern strengths or way of life | money from cotton, slavery |
| enslavers | about 20-25 percent of white Southerners |
| plantations | labor camps that forced people to work |
| transcontinental railroad | more preferred by the north because of their emphasis on manufacturing |
| percentage of Black Americans who were enslaved | about 95 percent |
| Compromise of 1850: Five parts | California admitted as free state; New Mexico and Utah able to have slavery; New Mexico and Texas settled land dispute; Fugitive Slave Act passed; Slave trade (but not slavery) prohibited in Washington, DC |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | written by Harriet Beecher Stowe; showed people the horrors of slavery |
| Bleeding Kansas | Because of the Kansas Nebraska Act in 1854, Kansas was allowed popular sovereignty to determine if it would have slavery. Pro-slavery and abolitionist people went to Kansas for the vote. Violence erupted. |
| Dred Scott | declared property, not a human, by the US Supreme Court after Dred Scott sued his "owner" for his freedom since he lived in free territories |
| Harper's Ferry, VA | home to a federal arsenal of weapons |
| John Brown | an abolitionist who led a group of people to Harper's Ferry, VA, to seize guns from the arsenal with the intention to arm enslaved people to fight for their freedom. He was captured and hanged. |
| Stephen Douglass' position | thought slavery should be legal wherever people wanted it; promoted expansion west |
| Abraham Lincoln's position | supported slavery where it already existed and opposed having it in new western territories |
| John Breckenridge's position | supported slavery and opposed westward expansion because he thought it could limit the right to "own" enslaved people |
| John Bell's position | did not make statements about slavery or westward expansion but committed to being a strict adherent to the Constitution instead |
| South Carolina | the first state to secede from the US |
| What happened between December 20, 1860 and June 8, 1861 | 11 states seceded from the US and formed their own country |
| Fugitive Slave Act | required northerners and abolitionists to help return people who had run away from their kidnapping/enslavement |
| Union strengths during the war | larger cities; factories made 90% of the goods in the US; farms produced crops; more railroads; larger economy |
| Confederacy strengths during the war | played "defense"; had similar sized army to the Union but smaller navy |
| Abraham Lincoln during the war | President; focused on preserving the US; issued the Emancipation Proclamation; helped pass the 13th Amendment after the war, which ended slavery in the US. |
| Jefferson Davis | served as president of the Confederacy; commanded his troops to take over Fort Sumter, which signaled the beginning of the Civil War |
| Ulysses Grant | served as commander of the Union forces and later elected President of US |
| Robert E. Lee | commander of the Confederate forces |
| Emancipation Proclamation | declared that enslaved people living in territories fighting against the Union were free. Unfortunately the Union had no power over these states, and Lincoln did not mention enslaved people living in the Northern or border states. |
