| A | B |
|---|
| data | facts or statistics gathered to answer a question or for further analysis |
| experiment | a controlled situation where data is gathered to answer a question |
| hypothesis | a proposed explanation or prediction of an event (e.g. an experiment) based on research and current knowledge |
| observe | use senses and tools to notice something significant |
| predict | to make an estimate about a possible future event or outcome |
| qualitative | a form of data that is a descriptive measurement |
| quantitative | a form of data that is a specific numerical measurement |
| variable | a component of an experiment that changes or can be changed |
| controlled variable | a variable in an experiment that must be kept constant, so it does not affect the dependent variable |
| dependent variable | the variable in an experiment that you measure |
| independent variable | the variable in an experiment that you manipulate, change or test |
| beaker | comes in many sizes and is generally used for holding liquids including when they are being heated and stirred |
| Bunsen burner | common device used to add a controlled amount of heat to an object. |
| conical flask | used to hold liquids but its neck is shaped to reduce spillage. It can be used to swirl liquids and prevent hot liquids from boiling over. |
| funnel | can be used to reduce spillage when pouring liquids. It can also be used to help separate mixtures. |
| measuring cylinder | used to accurately measure specific volumes of liquids. It must not be used to mix or heat liquids. |
| retort stand and clamp | hold a piece of equipment above the lab bench during testing. |
| test tube | generally used for holding small volumes of liquids. As they do not have a flat bottom, a special rack is used to hold them. |
| tripod | three-legged platform used to support flasks and beakers |
| boiling | a form of evaporation |
| chemical property | the behaviour of a substance when it reacts with another substance |
| compress | squeeze to make smaller |
| condensation | where heat is lost causing a gas to become a liquid |
| deposition | where a reduction in heat causes a gas to become a solid |
| diffusion | when substances spread out to occupy a larger area |
| evaporation | when heat causes liquid to become gas |
| freezing | where heat is lost and liquid becomes solid |
| gas | a substance that expands freely to fill space |
| liquid | a substance that flows freely but has constant volume |
| matter | anything that has a mass and volume |
| melting | when heat causes a solid to become a liquid |
| physical property | the way a substance looks and acts |
| pressure | putting force (push or pull) onto a substance |
| solid | matter with a fixed shape and volume |
| sublimation | where heat causes a solid to become gas |
| volume | the space an object occupies |
| chromatography | a technique to separate substances based on movement at different rates due to solubility |
| concentrated | a solution with a lot of the solute |
| crystallisation | solidification of a substance into a highly structured form due to evaporation |
| dilute | a solution with little of the solute |
| dissolve | cause to become mixed in a substance so that it cannot be seen |
| filtrate | the substance that passes through the filter |
| filtration | separating a mixture by passing through a filter |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture that can be easily separated into its parts, and those parts retain their original properties |
| homogeneous mixture | a mixture where components are evenly distributed |
| insoluble | substances that cannot dissolve |
| mixture | material made up of two or more different pure substances |
| pure substance | material that is made up of just one type of particle |
| residue | the substance that is left in the filter |
| saturated | a solution with the maximum amount of solute dissolved |
| soluble | substances that can dissolve |
| solute | the component of a solution being dissolved |
| solution | a mixture where one substance is evenly dissolved in another |
| solvent | the component in a solution capable of dissolving another substance |
| suspension | a mixture where one substance will eventually settle out of the solvent |
