| A | B |
|---|
| data | facts or statistics gathered to answer a question or for further analysis |
| experiment | a controlled situation where data is gathered to answer a question |
| hypothesis | a proposed explanation or prediction of an event (e.g. an experiment) based on research and current knowledge |
| observe | use senses and tools to notice something significant |
| predict | to make an estimate about a possible future event or outcome |
| qualitative | a form of data that is a descriptive measurement |
| quantitative | a form of data that is a specific numerical measurement |
| variable | a component of an experiment that changes or can be changed |
| controlled variable | a variable in an experiment that must be kept constant, so it does not affect the dependent variable |
| dependent variable | the variable in an experiment that you measure |
| independent variable | the variable in an experiment that you manipulate, change or test |
| beaker | comes in many sizes and is generally used for holding liquids including when they are being heated and stirred |
| Bunsen burner | common device used to add a controlled amount of heat to an object. |
| conical flask | used to hold liquids but its neck is shaped to reduce spillage. It can be used to swirl liquids and prevent hot liquids from boiling over. |
| funnel | can be used to reduce spillage when pouring liquids. It can also be used to help separate mixtures. |
| measuring cylinder | used to accurately measure specific volumes of liquids. It must not be used to mix or heat liquids. |
| retort stand and clamp | hold a piece of equipment above the lab bench during testing. |
| test tube | generally used for holding small volumes of liquids. As they do not have a flat bottom, a special rack is used to hold them. |
| tripod | three-legged platform used to support flasks and beakers |
| atom | the smallest possible piece of any substance; it makes up all matter |
| bonds | forces of attraction that hold atoms together |
| chemical properties | the behaviour of a substance when it reacts with another substance |
| compound | substance made up of two or more different types of atoms |
| conductivity | the ability of a substance to conduct or carry electricity and heat |
| ductility | the ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire |
| element | substance made up of only one type of atom or molecule |
| lustre | the ability of a substance to become shiny when polished |
| malleability | the ability of a substance to be bent or flattened into a range of shapes |
| metalloid | a substance that has some of the properties of both metals and non-metals |
| metal | a substance that is shiny, can conduct electricity, can be bent, is usually silver/grey and is ductile |
| mixture | a substance made up of two or more different pure substances (compounds or elements) that are not bonded together |
| molecule | two or more atoms joined together by bonds |
| non-metal | a substance that is dull, cannot conduct electricity, is brittle and is not ductile |
| periodic table | a list of all the known elements and their symbols |
| physical properties | the way substances look and act, e.g. colour, melting point, hardness, boiling point and density |
| pure substance | a substance made up of only one type of atom or one type of molecule. |
| chemical potential energy | the energy stored in the molecules of a chemical |
| conduction | the process by which thermal energy travels through a material or between materials from hot regions to cooler regions by the collisions of molecules |
| conductor | a substance or material that allows heat to pass through it easily |
| convection | the flow of thermal energy though a fluid material by the movement of the material itself, often caused by temperature differences |
| elastic potential energy | the energy stored when an elastic material is compressed or stretched |
| electrical energy | energy carried by electricity moving in a wire |
| energy | the capacity to do work |
| energy transfer | the movement of energy from one place or object to another |
| fossil fuel | a non-renewable source of energy obtained from oil, coal or gas |
| gravitational potential energy | the energy an object has because of its height |
| insulator | a substance or material that does not allow heat to pass through it easily |
| kinetic energy | the energy an object has because it is moving |
| law of conservation of energy | the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| nuclear energy | a non-renewable source of energy that uses the energy released by the nucleus of radioactive atoms |
| potential energy | the energy stored in something because of its height above the ground, or because it is stretched or compressed, or in chemical form |
| radiation | one of the three ways that thermal energy can travel, and the only way that heat can travel through a vacuum |
