| A | B |
|---|
| Levi Strauss | A German immigrant who arrived in San Francisco in 1850. Instead of finding gold, he found success selling durable pants for miners. (425) |
| boomtowns | The California mining camps that grew into crowded towns overnight wherever gold was found. (426) |
| California | The new American territory that quickly became a state. Nearly 100,000 people ruched there in 1849 alone. It became state in 1850. (425-427) |
| San Francisco | California's golden city. It was a sleepy village that was transformed into a thriving, vibrant city because of the Gold Rush. (390-391, 395) |
| John Sutter | The landowner who never profited from the Gold Rush, even though gold was discovered on his property while building a sawmill in 1848. (392, 423-424) |
| China | Immigrants from this Asian country overcame harsh discrimination during the Gold Rush to find success & contribute greatly to California's economy & culture. (392-394) |
| forty-niners | The nickname for the roughly 80,000 gold-seekers who rushed to California from all over America & the world in the year after the discovery of gold. (425) |
| Henry Wells & William Fargo | These two men found success during the Gold Rush not by finding gold, but by providing banking services for miners in San Francisco. (395) |
| cholera | In addition to dealing with severe weather, accidents & concerns over supplies, pioneers struggled with diseases, such as typhoid and _________. (404) |
| Oregon Trail | The trail that led to the Oregon Country in the Northwest. A region that today includes the states of Oregon, Washington & Idaho. (403) |
| Mormon Trail | The trail that Mormons led by Brigham Young followed to settle in present-day Utah. (403) |
| wagon trains | Several pioneer families headed west together in covered wagons in groups called ________.(404) |
| Manifest Destiny | The idea first expressed by magazine editor John O'Sullivan that America had a "______ ______ to overspread and possess the the whole of the continent." (399) |
| mountain men | Rugged, self-reliant frontier adventurers that who explored the West in the 1820's & 1830's as they trapped beaver for their valuable furs. (398-399) |
| Jedediah Smith | The most prolific mountain man. He explored much of the West, and became the first U.S. citizen to travel overland to California. (398-399) |
| Jim Beckwourth | A former slave who became a famous mountain man. He overcame many frontier challenges. His adventures took him all over the West. (398-399) |
