| A | B |
|---|
| Inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell walls | B- Lactams, Vancomycin, Bacitracin |
| B- Lactams | Inhibit crosslinking of peptidoglycan into cell wall |
| B-Lactams | Lyses cell wall by binding of PBPs (Transpeptidases) |
| B-Lactamase | Bacteria can have this to break a B-Lactam ring and inactivate the antibiotic |
| R-Side Chains | Determines spectrum of antibacterial activity and pharmacological properties |
| MRSA | B-Lactam antibiotics are ineffective against this |
| MRSA | PBP is altered |
| B-Lactams | Bactericidal, Time Dependent Killers |
| Vancomycin | does not cross lipid membrane of gram negative bacteria |
| Vancomycin | Inhibits Transglycosylase and prevents something bound to phospholipid carrier from binding to growing phospholipid chain |
| Bacitracin | Common in non-prescription first aid ointment, topical use due to toxicity |
| Bacitracin | Interferes with transport of peptidoglycan precursors across cytoplasmic membrane |
| Polymyxin | Act directly on bacterial cell membrane, disrupt integrity of cell membrane |
| Daptomycin | Act directly on bacterial cell membrane, disrupt integrity of cell membrane |
| Leads to increased permeability and leakage | Polymyxin and Daptomycin |
| Daptomycin | Binds to bacterial membrane, causes depolarization, and loss of membrane potential. Leads to cell death |
| Polymyxin and Daptomycin | Concentration dependent bactericidal |
| Cephalosporins | has 4 generations, 1st started with gram positive, 4th is stronger against gram positive and can cross the BBB w/ increased resistance to B-lactamases |
| Polymyxin E (Colistin) | Binds Lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids on outer cell membrane of gram negative bacteria |
| Polymyxin E (Colistin) | Competitively displaces Ca and Mg from PO4 groups of membrane Lipid |
| Polymyxin E | Rapid depolarization by allowing Potassium to flow out of the cell |
| tetracyclines , Macrolides (Erythromycin), Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin) | Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis |
| Aminoglycosides | Gentamycin |
| Tetracyclines | Doxycyclines |
| Macrolides | Erythromycin |
| Aminoglycosides | Exception: Irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis, bactericidal |
| Rifampin and Ciprofloxacin | Affect bacterial Nucleic Acid Metabolism; Bactericidal |
| Rifampin | Inhibits RNA Polymerase |
| Ciprofloxacin | Class: Fluoroquinolone |
| Ciprofloxacin | Inhibit DNA Replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV |
| Trimethoprim and sulfonamides | Metabolic inhibitors |
| Drug Class: Sulfonamides | Sulfamethoxazole |
| Building block of DNA | Folic Acid |
| Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides | Selective toxicity to bacteria because they have to synthesize their own cofactors |
| Humans get Folic acid | from diet |
| Stops P-Aminobenzoic acid from converting into Dihydrofolic Acid | Sulfonamides |
| Stops Dihydrofolic Acid from converting into tetrahydrofolic acid | Trimethoprim |
