| A | B |
|---|
| hematopoiesis | production and maturation of blood cells |
| pluripotential stem cell | precursor to all blood cell lines |
| yolk sac | earliest site of hematopoiesis |
| liver and spleen | primary sites of hematopoiesis from 2-7 months |
| Normal (M:E) ratio | 2:1 to 4:1 |
| GM-CSF | stimulates proliferation of granulocytes and macrophages |
| G-CSF | stimulates proliferation and enhances the function of neutrophils |
| Erythropoietin | regulates proliferation of RBCs |
| Thrombopoietin | regulates proliferation of platelets |
| Interleukins | work with CSFs to stimulate WBC production and maturation |
| Myeloblast | Earliest recognizable cell in the granulocytic series |
| Rubriblast | Pronormoblast |
| Prorubricyte | Basophilic normoblast |
| Rubricyte | Polychromatophilic normoblast |
| Cytokines | glycoproteins that influence the survival and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells |
| Extramedullary Hematopoiesis | Blood cell production in hematopoietic tissue other than bone marrow |
| T cells | Develop or differentiate in the thymus |
| Megakryocyte | Precursor to the platelet |
| Basophil | large blackish-blue granules in the cytoplasm |
| Promyelocyte | Primary (non-specific) granules distinguish this cell |
| Metamyelocyte | Indented nucleus - numerous secondary granules |
| Myeloid Lineage | Granulocytes;Monocytes;Erythrocytes;Megakyrocytes |
| Bone Marrow | Provides mature cells for peripheral circulation |
| Stem Cell | Undifferentiated, plueripotential hematopoietic cell |
| Tissue Macrophage | Last stage of development for the Monocytes |
| Order of Monocytic development | Monoblast; Promonocyte; Monocyte; Tissue macrophage |
| Order of RBC development | Rubriblast; Prorubricyte; Rubricyte; Metarubricyte; Reticulocyte; Erythrocyte |
| Reticulocyte | Normally first stage of RBC released from the Bone Marrow |
| Sites of Red Marrow in the adult | Mainly in flat bones |
| Common BM aspiration sites in adults | Posterior iliac crest; sternum; and anterior iliac crest |
| CSF | Colony Stimulating Factor |
| Myeloid: Erythroid (M:E) Ratio | calculated by dividing the total # of Grans and their precusors by the total # of NRBCs |
| NRBCs | Nucleated RBCs |
| Lymph nodes start being active | 4 months gestation |
| Lymphocyte | Moderate amount of cytoplasm that is pale to medium blue and may scallop around adjacent RBCs |
| Order of development for lymphs | Lymphoblast;Prolymphocyte; Normal lymphocyte |
| Variant lymphocyte | Also called reactive; abnormal; immature; stimulated; atypical; Downy |
| Myeloctye | Last stage to undergo mitosis |
| Stroma | extracullar matrix or microenvironment that supports hematopoietic cell proliferation in the bone marrow |
| Progenitor cell | parent or anscestor cells that differentiate into mature, functional cells |
| Hyperplasia | an increase in the number of cells per unit volume of tissue - excessive proliferation of normal cells within an organ |
| Myeloid-to-erythroid ratio (M:E ratio) defintion | the ratio of granulocytes and their precursors to nucleated erythroid precursors |
| Oncogene | an altered gene that contributes to cancer |
| Apoptosis | programmed cell death resulting from activation of a predtermined sequence of intracellular events; "cell suicide" |
| Maturation | a process of attining complete development of the cell |
| Adoipocytes | Fat cells - yellow marrow |
| Culling | removal of old or abnormal RBCs |
| Pitting | Spleen removes particulate matter from RBCs |
