| A | B |
|---|
| Best sample for Glucose testing | Veinous blood |
| CSF | glucose value is 2/3 of plasma |
| Neonate | Glucose value is low, then increases after a few weeks |
| Whole blood | Glucose value is 10 % lower than serum levels |
| Arterial blood | Glucose levels are 3-5 mg/dl higher than veinous levels |
| Historical method for measuring glucose | Benedict's Copper Reduction/Clinitest |
| 3 ways to slow glycolosis in the blood sample | Cool the cells, separate, or use Sodium Fluoride tube |
| Glucose oxidase, Hexokinase, O-toluidine | 3 common methods for measuring glucose |
| Glucose Oxidase Test Method | Glucose, H2O, Oxygen, & Glucose Oxidase = Gluconic Acid & H2O2; then H2O2 reacts with a chromogen |
| Hexokinase Test Method | Glucose, ATP, & hexokinase = G6P & ADP; then G6P & NADP = NADPH (colored) |
| O-toluidine Test Method | Glucose + O-toluidine in hot acetic acid = colored product |
| Conditions for Fasting Glucose | No food for 10-16 hours before blood draw |
| Conditions for Two Hour Postprandial Glucose | Blood is drawn 2 hrs. after giving 75g of glucose |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test | a combination of the Fasting Glucose & 2 Hr Postprandial Tests |
| Conditions for Random Glucose | Specimen is non-fasting; includes symptoms |
| IDDM | Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - juvenile diabetes - Type I |
| NIDDM | Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes - adult onset diabetes - Type II |
| Hypoglycemia | Occurs when blood glucose is <= 45 mg/dl |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin for measuring metabolic control in DM patients over the last 2-3 months | Hgb A1c |
| Modification of the Glucose Oxidase Method that eliminates the second reaction | polarographic electrode |
| Blood at room temperature will... | decrease serum glucose at a rate of 7-12% per hour |
| Normal Fasting Glucose level | <100 mg/dl |
| Impaired Fasting Glucose Level | Values between 100 mg/dl and 126 mg/dl |
| Fasting Glucose > or = 126 mg/dl | Fasting provisional diagnosis of DM |
| Normal 2 hr Postprandial level | < or = 140 mg/dl |
| Impaired 2 hr postprandial glucose tolorance | Between 140 mg/dl and 200 mg/dl |
| 2 hr Postprandial > or = 200 mg/dl | 2 hr PP provisional diagnosis of DM |
| Random Glucose > or = 200 mg/dl PLUS symptoms of DM | random provisional diagnosis of DM |
| Fasting glucose > or = 126 mg/dl or OGTT 2hr glucose > or = 200 mg/dl, or random glucose > or = 200 mg/dl plus symptoms or A1C 6.5% or greater | the criteria for diagnosis of DM |
| Any of the diagnostic criteria for DM must be confirmed by | Any of the methods (except random) on a subsequent day |
| Glucose Oxidase method interferences that cause a false decrease | Uric Acid, bilirubin, ascorbic acid |
