| A | B |
|---|
| Monosaccharides | Simple sugars with 3-8 carbon atoms |
| Glucose, Fructose and Galactose | Most common monosaccharides |
| Oligosaccharides | Compound sugars that yield 2-6 monosaccharides when hydrolized |
| Maltose, Lactose and Sucrose | Most common oligosaccharides |
| Maltose consists of... | 2 glucoses |
| Lactose consists of... | 1 glucose + 1 galactose |
| Sucrose consists of... | 1 glucose + 1 fructose |
| Polysaccharides | Yield a large number of monosaccharides upon hydrolysis |
| Two types of polysaccharides are | Starch & Glycogen |
| Amylose + Amylopectin | Starch |
| Glycogen | Storage form of glucose in animals |
| Where glycogen is stored | Liver |
| Carbohydrates | Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen |
| Early sign that nephropathy is occurring | Microalbuminuria |
| Useful indicator of effective diabetic control | HgbA1c |
| Starch is the main dietary source of... | Carbohydrates |
| Glycogenesis | Glycogen Formation |
| Glycogenolysis | Glycogen Breakdown |
| Glycolysis | Catabolism of glucose to pyruvic acid or lactic acid |
| Gluconeogensis | Glucose formed from amino acids and lipids |
| Fasting glucose >126 mg/dl | Hyperglycemia |
| Fasting glucose <45 mg/dl | Hypoglycemia |
| Blood concentration of glucose 160-180 mg/dl | Renal Threshold for glucose |
| Glucose in the Urine | Glycosuria |
| Most common cause of hyperglycemia | Diabetes mellitus |
| Insulin | only hormone to produce a decrease in glucose |
| Origin of Insulin | Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas |
| Glucagon,Epinephrine/Adrenaline, GH/Somatotropin, Cortisol, T3 & T4 | Causes increase in blood glucose |
| Origin of glucagon | alpha cells of the pancreatic islets |
| Origin of epinephrine | Adrenal medulla |
| Origin of Growth Hormone | Anterior pituitary |
| Origin of Cortisol | Adrenal cortex |
| Thyroxine | T4 |
| Triiodothyronine | T3 |
| Origin of Thyroid Hormones | Thyroid Gland |
