| A | B |
|---|
| Aerobic | describes a process that requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic | describes a process that does not require oxygen |
| Antibiotic | a substance that can slow down the growth of or kill some microorganisms |
| Bacillus | a bacterium that is shaped like a rod |
| Bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| Capsid | a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus |
| Capsule | a protective layer of sugars around the cell wall of some bacteria |
| Coccus | a type of bacterium that is shaped like a sphere |
| Conjugation | in prokaryotes, algae, and fungi, a type of sexual reproduction in which two cells join for a short time to recombine their genes |
| Endospore | a thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions |
| Envelope | a membranelike layer that covers the protein coat (capsid) of some viruses |
| Glycoprotein | a protein to which carbohydrate molecules are attached |
| Lysogenic | describes viral replication in which a viral genome is copied as a provirus without destroying the cell that the virus has attacked |
| Lytic | describes viral replication that results in the killing of the cell that the virus attacks and the release of many new virus particles |
| Pathogen | a virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease |
| Pilus | a short, thick structure that allows a bacterium to attach to another bacterium |
| Prion | a type of protein that can infect cells; prions do not contain DNA or RNA |
| Provirus | viral DNA that is inserted into the chromosome of the cell that has been attacked by a virus |
| Spirillum | a bacterium that is shaped like a spiral |
| Toxin | a substance that is made by one living thing and that is poisonous to other living things |
| Viroid | a small strand of RNA that can infect and cause disease in plants |
| Virus | a nonliving particle made of a nucleic acid and a protein coat; it can infect and destroy a cell |
