| A | B |
|---|
| remanded | jailed or imprisoned |
| to distinguish | to recognize the difference between two or more persons or things |
| defendant | the individual accused in a court of law |
| variance | difference or inconsistency between two or more things |
| disparity | when two or more persons or things of equal quality are treated differently |
| misdemeanor | a criminal offense defined as less serious than a felony |
| mandatory | required |
| minimal | a fixed amount of mandatory jail time |
| attenuate | to lessen the intensity of something |
| isolated | alone; cut off |
| standardize | to make normal |
| massive | gigantic |
| incarcerated | imprisoned |
| economically-disadvantaged | poor |
| compounded | intensified collectively |
| cumulative | increased by the addition of parts |
| demographic | information about a segment of a population with shared characteristics |
| cohort | a member of a group of associates |
| codified | arranged into a systematic collection |
| apparatus | an instrument used for a specific purpose |
| contested | disputed; denied |
| intersection | the point at which things join |
| criminality | being against the law |
| immorality | acting against socially acceptable modes of conduct |
| delegitimize | to make invalid |
| grievances | complaints |
| competing | one fighting against the other |
| suppress | to prevent someone from acting or something from happening |
| exploit | to use someone for personal gain against their will |
| convict leasing programs | a system dating back to Reconstruction in which states profited from leasing African American prison inmates to private companies while the inmates were unpaid and often face inhumane working conditions |
| Black Codes | restricted black people's right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces during the Jim Crow era from 1877-1954 |
| Fugitive Slave Act | federal laws that allowed for the capture and return of runaway enslaved Africans |
| disproportionately | widely unbalanced |
| lingering | persistent; never-ending |
| subsections | smaller sections within a section |
| systemic | affecting all parts of a collective system |
| agents | persons who act on behalf of an institution such as police, lawyers, teachers, etc. |
| approximately | almost exact |
| initial | the first time; at the start |
| robust | strong |
| punative sentence | sentencing aimed at punishment for a crime rather than rehabilitation |
| therapeutic sentence | sentencing aimed at treatment and rehabilitation |
| incapacitate | to weaken, injure or harm |
