| A | B |
|---|
| Schenck v. U.S. | Free speech may be limited during wartime (WWI), if it creates a clear and present danger. (imminent and lawless action) |
| Brandenburg v. Ohio | speech may only be limited if it creates imminent lawless action |
| Texas v. Johnson | burning the flag is symbolic speech and is protected |
| Near v. Minnesota | Incorporated freedom of the press to states - no prior restraint |
| Mapp v. Ohio | incorporated the use of the exclusionary rule to the states |
| Reno v. ACLU | struck down the Communications Decency Act because it limited the internet too broadly - said there were no community standards for the internet |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Those who cannot afford an attorney will have one provided by the state. It incorporated the right to counsel for any cause that could receive jail time |
| Miranda v. Arizona | It stated that those placed in custody must be informed of their constitutional rights against self-incrimination. (right to remain silent) |
| NY Times v. U.S. | no prior restraint for the Pentagon Papers. |
| Marbury v. Madison | The Supreme court is arbiter of the constitutionality of laws. established the use of judicial review by the Court |
| Baker v. Carr | "one man, one vote" standard. This decision created guidelines for apportionment. |
| Brown v. Board II | stated that school desegregation must occur "with all deliberate speed" |
| Buckley v Valeo | spending money on your own political campaign is "speech" protected by the first amendment |
| Engel v. Vitale | A state can't mandate prayer in public schools. No teacher-led prayer in schools. |
| Korematsu v. U.S. | Upheld the internment of Japanese citizens during WWII as a constitutional use of executive power to protect national security |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | "Train Car Case" It established separate but equal standard under the 14th amendment's equal protection clause |
| Regents of the University of California v Bakke | allowed for affirmative action cases to correct past discrimination as long as there are no quotas |
| Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | The first amendment prohibits the govt. from restricting independent political expenditures by corporations and unions. |
| Bush v. Gore | The Supreme Court reversed a recount order in Florida, in essence "deciding" the 2000 election. Political questions are normally avoided by the courts. |
| Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeir | Student newspapers can be censored (unlike regular press). |
| Wisconsin v. Yoder | Compulsory school attendance law was unconstitutional when applied to hte Amish, because it violated their rights under the first Amendment, freedom of religion. |
| McDonald v. Chicago | The second amendment applies to the states. The Court held that the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms". |
| NAACP v. ACLU | membership lists are protected by freedom of association |
| Buckley v. Valeo | Spending money on your own political campaign is "speech" protected by the first amendment. |
| Shaw v. Reno | A landmark case in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. The Court ruled that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause. |
