| A | B |
|---|
| Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) | -70 millivolts |
| Depolarization | when sodium channels open and rush into the cell, making the inside more positive |
| threshold | the voltage of a cell in which an action potential occurs (-55) |
| ganglion | a group of cell bodies in the PNS |
| Action Potential | a nerve impulse resulting in the inside of the neuron becoming positive and outside negative (+30) |
| dendrites | receive impulses |
| axons | sends impulses away from cell body |
| schwann cells | glial cell makes myelin in the PNS |
| oligodendrocytes | glial cell makes myelin in the CNS |
| microglia | glial cell that phagocytizes foreign debris |
| atrocytes | most abundant glial cell, found in CNS, important component of BBB (blood brain barrier) |
| ependymal cells | glial cell in CNS, makes CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) |
| satellite cells | glial cell in the PNS, supports cell bodies |
| What contributes to RMP? | sodium potassium pump, negatively charged proteins, leaky potassium channels |
| Sympathetic division of PNS | fight or flight (increase heart rate, respiration) |
| Parasympathetic division of PNS | rest or digest (slows heart rate and respiration) |
| CNS | central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) |
| white matter | myelinated axons |
| gray matter | unmyelinated axons or cell bodies |
| ligand gated ion channels | a channel stimulated by a ligand (protein, neurotransmitter etc.) |
| voltage gated ion channel | a channel stimulated by a certain voltage |
| What are the functions of the nervous system? | Sense environment, integrate or process and respond |
| 3 types of neurons structurally | multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar (unipolar) |
| 3 types of neurons functionally | sensory (afferent), interneuron, motor neuron |
| the neuron found in the retina, olfactory and inner ear | bipolar |
| the type of neuron with many dendrites and one axon | multipolar |
| saltatory conduction | fast nerve transmission on a myelinated axon |
| nodes of ranvier | gaps in the myelinated axon where action potential is occurring |
| IPSP | inhibitory post synaptic potential (results when negative ions enter the cell and it becomes more negative) |
| EPSP | excitatory post synaptic potential (intense stimulation by one neuron over and over) |
| SSRI | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (drugs such as zoloft, lexapro, celexa that block the reuptake of serotonin) |
| synpatic cleft | space between neurons where neurotransmitter is released |
| Repolarization | the return of a neuron to its resting membrane potential upon the release of potassium ions |
| Neurotransmitters | chemicals that travel the synapse and stimulate the postsynaptic neuron (acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate) |
| neurosoma (soma) | neuron cell body |
| nissl bodies | Rough ER of neurosoma |
| local potential | rise in positive charges in the neuron (not yet high enough for an action potential) |
