| A | B |
|---|
| POLAR HEAD | PART OF THE LIPID LAYER OF THE CELL MEMBRANE. CHEMICAL MAKEUP IS PHOSPHATE AND IT IS HYDROPHILLIC |
| NON POLAR TAIL | PART OF THE LIPID BILAYER OF THE CELL MEMBRANE. MADE UP OF FATTY ACIDS AND IS HYDROPHOBIC |
| PHOSPHOLIPID BACKBONE | PART OF THE LIPID BILAYER WHERE THE HEAD AND TAIL ATTACH. MADE UP OF GLYCEROL |
| SEMI OR SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| POLAR | MOLECULE WITH CHARGED ENDS LIKE PHOSPHATE HEADS ON THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER |
| NONPOLAR | INERT, A MOLECULE THAT DOES NOT HAVE CHARGED ENDS |
| DIFFUSION | MOVEMENT OF SOLUTES FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION TO REACH EQUILIBRIUM |
| FACILITATED DIFFUSION | ANOTHER TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT, USED FOR MOLECULES THAT CANNOT READILY DIFFUSE THROUGH CELL MEMBRANES USUALLY BECAUSE OF THEIR SHAPE AND/OR SIZE |
| FLUID MOSAIC MODEL | DESCRIBES THE ARRANGEMENT AND MOVEMENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS IN BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE |
| HYDROPHOBIC | CHARACTERISTIC OF FATTY ACID TAILS OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER WHERE THE TAILS ARE WATER INSOLUABLE AND DISLIKE BEING IN CONTACT WITH WATER MOLECULES |
| HYDROPHILLIC | CHARACTERISTIC OF PHOSPHATE HEADS OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER WHERE THE HEADS ARE WATER SOLUABLE AND ATTRACTED TO WATER MOLECULES |
| HYPERTONIC | concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside |
| ISOTONIC | refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. |
| HYPOTONIC | solution that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution |
| ACTIVE TRANSPORT | classification of movement across cell membrane that uses energy |
| PASSIVE TRANSPORT | classification of movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy |
| PHAGOCYTOSIS | cell engulfing a solid particle |
| PINOCYTOSIS | ingestion of liquid by a cell |
| ENDOCYTOSIS | uses energy to move materials into the cell |
| EXOCYTOSIS | type of active transport to move substances to the outside of the cell |
| OSMOSIS | MOVEMENT OF WATER THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE |
| SOLVENT | A liquid in which substances (or solutes) are dissolved forming a solution |
| SOLUTE | a substance that is dissolved in a fluid |
| active transport | includes sodium pump, endocytosis, & exocytosis |
| passive transport | includes osmosis, facilitated diffusion, & simple diffusion |
| active transport | moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration |
| passive transport | moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
| CONCENTRATION GRADIENT | the process of particles moving through a solution from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane. |
| HYPERTONIC SOLUTION | causing water to move out of the cell because there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. |
| HYPOTONIC SOLUTION | too much water inside the cell because there is a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. |
| TURGID | cells or tissues that are swollen from water uptake |
| TURGID | The pressure inside the cell rises until this internal pressure is equal to the pressure outside as a result of the cell taking in water |
| PLASMOLYSIS | plant cells lose water after being placed in a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell does. |
| PLASMOLYSIS | process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution. |
| CYTOLYSIS | occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell. |
| 'LYSIS | DISINTEGRATION OF CELL BY BREAKING DOWN CELL MEMBRANE |
| CHOLESTEROL | assists with stability of the membrane, keeps the membrane from becoming solid at cooler temperatures, and helps anchor molecules, like protein, in the membrane. |
| CARBOHYDRATE | chains play an important role in recognition of self and in cell-to-cell interactions. Cells can recognize other cells of the same type and join together to form tissues. |
| PROTEIN | relay signals between the cell's internal and external environments. Also move molecules and ions across the membrane |
| PLASMA MEMBRANE | a fatty film so thin and transparent that it cannot be seen directly in the light microscope |
| HYPO | under; below |
| HYPER | above; beyond; over |
| ISO | at equilibrium |
| PHOBIC | repelled by |
| PHILLIC | attracted to |
| EQUILIBRIUM | condition in which all acting influences are balanced or canceled by equal opposing forces, resulting in a stable system |
| CYTE | cell |
| ENDO | within, inside, internal |
| EXO | outer, outside |
| PINO | to drink |
| PHAGO | eat, consume, destroy |
