| A | B |
|---|
| intentionally | with purpose |
| intentional torts | an action taken deliberately to harm another person and/or his or her property |
| compensatory damages | in a civil case, money the court requires a defendant to pay a winning plaintiff to make up for harm caused. This harm can be financial, physical, and in some jurisdictions, emotional |
| nominal damages | a token amount of money awarded by a court to a plaintiff to show that the claim was justified, even if the plaintiff is unable to prove economic harm |
| punitive damages | awards in excess of the proven economic loss. In a tort action, thay are awarded to the plaintiff to punish the defendant and to warn others not to engage in such conduct |
| infliction of emotional stress | a tort in which a defendant purposely engages in an action that causes extreme emotional harm to the plaintiff |
| false imprisonment | The intentional or wrongful confinement of another person against his or her will. It is against a person’s right to be free from unreasonable restraint. |
| defamation | written or spoken expression about a person that is false and damages that person’s reputation |
| slander | spoken expression about a person that is false and damages that person’s reputation |
| libel | a written expression about a person that is false and damages that person’s reputation |
| real property | land and all items attached to it, such as houses, crops, and fences |
| personal property | property or belongings that can be moved, such as cars, clothing, furniture, and appliances |
| intellectual property | refers to creations of the mind - inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols, names and images used in business |
| trespass | the unauthorized intrusion on, or improper use of, property belonging to another person. This can be the basis of an intentional tort case or a criminal prosecution |
| attractive nuisance | law of torts that states a landowner may be held liable for injuries to children trespassing on the land if the injury is caused by an object on the land that is likely to attract children |
| nuisance | an unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of one’s property, usually repeated or continued for prolonged periods of time |
| injunction | a court order requiring a person to do, or refrain from doing, a particular act |
| conversion | in tort law, the taking or controlling of another’s property without consent. If the property is not returned to the rightful owner, the court can force the defendant to give the plaintiff the monetary value of the property |
| patent | type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of years in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention |
| copyright | type of intellectual property that protects original works of authorship as soon as an author fixes the work in a tangible form of expression |
| infringement | the act of breaking the terms of a law or agreement |
| derivative works | works based on or derived from one or more already existing works (translations, musical arrangements, motion picture versions of literary material or plays) |
| first sale | an American legal concept that limits the rights of an intellectual property owner to control resale of products embodying its intellectual property |
| fair use | legal doctrine that promotes freedom of expression by permitting the unlicensed use of copyright-protected works in certain circumstances |
| consent | written, spoken or assumed agreement to something |
| privilege | an advantage, right to preferential treatment, or excuse from a duty others must perform; a right that cannot be taken away; the right to speak or write personally damaging words because the law specially allows it; the right and the duty to withhold information from others because of some special status or relationship of confidentiality (husband-wife, doctor-patient, attorney-client) |
| self-defense | the right to defend oneself with whatever force is reasonably necessary against an actual or reasonably perceived threat of personal harm |
| defense of property | the use of reasonable force, which would otherwise by illegal, to defend your home or other property |
