| A | B |
|---|
| Anterograde amnesia | the inability to form new memories because of brain trauma |
| Retrograde amnesia | the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma |
| Recall | nonimmediate retrieval of learned information |
| Recognition | a memory process in which one identifies objects or events that have previously been encountered |
| Retrieval | the process of recalling information from memory storage |
| Storage | the maintenance of encoded information over time |
| Semantics | the study of meaning in language; the relationship between language and the objects depicted by the language |
| Syntax | the ways in which words and phrases are arranged into grammatical sentences |
| Morpheme | the smallest unit of meaning in a language |
| Phoneme | the basic sound unit in a spoken language |
| Anchoring heuristic | the process of making decisions based on certain ideas or standards held by the decision maker |
| Representative heuristic | the process of making decisions about a sample according to the population that the sample appears to represent |
| Availability heuristic | the tendency to make decisions on the basis of information that is available in one’s immediate consciousness ( |
| Incubation effect | the tendency to arrive at a solution after a period of time away from the problem |
| Functional fixedness | a barrier to problem solving that involves the tendency to think of objects only in terms of their common uses |
| Heuristic | A strategy for making judgments and solving problems; rules of thumb |
| Algorithm | a problem-solving strategy that eventually leads to a solution; usually involves trying random solutions to a problem in a systematic way |
| Metacognition | planning, evaluating, and monitoring mental activities; thinking about thinking |
| Prototype | an original model on which others in the same category are patterned |
| Thinking | mental activity that involves understanding, manipulating, and communicating information |
