| A | B |
|---|
| enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| uracil | one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA |
| uracil | base in RNA that replaces thymine in DNA |
| RNA | any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus |
| amino acids | organic compounds containing amine and carboxyl functional groups |
| proteins | made up of long chains of amino acids |
| codon | a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis. — called also triplet. |
| polypeptides | a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| mRNA | transcribes the information from DNA to the cell machinery that makes proteins |
| tRNA | act as temporary carriers of amino acids, |
| transcription | the synthesis of mRNA (messenger RNA) from a DNA template, takes place in nucleus |
| translation | the synthesis of a polypeptide chain from a segment of RNA, takes place in cytoplasm |
| RNA | made up of ribose sugar and base uracil |
| codon | template for protein synthesis which takes place on ribosomes |
| RNA | made up of bases, adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine |
| ribose | type of sugar that makes up RNA |
| tRNA | carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message |
| mRNA | carries instructions of polypeptide synthesis from nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| codon | A group of three nitrogenous bases that code for an amino acid |
| anti codon | A set of three nitrogenous bases on tRNA that matches a codon on mRNA |
| translation | Changes information in mRNA to a strand of amino acids that make a protein |
| RNA polymerase | Opens DNA strands and joins the RNA nucleotides as they base pair along the DNA template in transcription. |
| transcription | process by which a section of DNA is used to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule |
| translation | the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm |
| ribosomes | organelle where amino acids are bonded together to form proteins |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| polypeptide | forms as a result of amino acids bond together with peptide bonds |
| proteins | made up of one or more polypeptide molecules |
| structural proteins | proteins resulting in physical traits |
| enzymatic proteins | proteins resulting in metabolic traits |
| hormonal proteins | proteins which control growth and development |
| central dogma of molecular biology | explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein" |
| Defensive Protein | Antibodies are formed in the white blood cells and attack bacteria, viruses and other harmful microorganisms, rendering them inactive. |
| Storage protein | accumulate mineral ions |
| transport protein | carry vital materials to the cells |
| Receptor protein | control the substances that enter and leave the cells |
| contractile/motor proteins | regulate the strength and speed of heart and muscle contractions |
