| A | B |
|---|
| tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| ligament | attaches bone to bone |
| insertion | muscle attachment to the bone that will move when it contracts |
| origin | muscle attachment to the bone that will remain stationary when it contracts |
| reverse muscle action | when the origin moves towards the insertion |
| parallel muscle fibers | usually longer and will provide a greater range of motion |
| oblique muscle fibers | usually shorter and will provide greater force production |
| irritability | muscle's ability to respond to a stimulus |
| contractility | muscle's ability to shorten |
| extensibility | muscle's ability to lengthen |
| elasticity | muscle's ability to return to its normal length |
| muscle tone | the amount of tension in a muscle at rest |
| active insufficiency | the agonist cannot contract to change the range of motion any more |
| passive insufficiency | the antagonist cannot stretch to change the range of motion any further |
| stretching | lengthening a muscle over all the joints that it crosses in order to increase range of motion |
| isometric contraction | tension in a muscle increases but no range of motion occurs at the joint |
| concentric contraction | the muscle shortens as it moves against gravity |
| eccentric contraction | the muscle lengthens as it moves to slow down the movement occurring in the same direction as gravity |
| isokinetic contraction | a computer will vary the amount of resistance to allow the movement to occur at the same speed through the whole range of motion |
| prime mover | the muscle or muscle group that can cause a motion |
| assisting mover | a muscle or muscle group that helps to create a motion, but cannot independently perform the motion |
| agonist | synonym of prime mover |
| antagonist | muscle that is relaxed during a movement |
| cocontraction | tension in both the agonist and antagonist simultaneously |
| stabilizer | muscle that supports a joint or joints to allow the agonist to effectively create a movement |
| neutralizer | muscle that opposes a movement of a muscle that creates more than one motion |
| synergist | muscle that works with other muscles to enhance a motion |
| open kinetic chain | distal segment is free moving |
| closed kinetic chain | distal segment is stationary |
