| A | B |
|---|
| Peripheral Nervous System | cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| Central Nervous System | cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord |
| motor cell body | located in the frontal lobe or anterior horn of spinal cord |
| axon | carries information away from the cell body |
| dendrite | carries information toward the cell body |
| myelin | fatty substance surrounding axon that increases the speed of an action potential |
| node of ranvier | break in the myelin |
| schwann cell | creates myelin |
| neurolemma sheath | covers the myelin surrounding an axon |
| gray matter | central nervous system section made up ofunmyelinated axons |
| white matter | central nervous system section made up ofmyelinated axons |
| synapse | small gap between neurons |
| tract | group of axons that carry similar information within the spinal cord and brain |
| anterior root | portion of the spinal nerve that carries motor information efferently |
| posterior root | portion of the spinal nerve that carries sensory information afferently |
| interneuron | neuron within the central nervous system that connects sensory and motor neurons |
| corpus callosum | connects the left and right cerebral cortex |
| frontal lobe | anterior portion of cerebrum responsible for motor, personality and expressive speech |
| parietal lobe | superior portion of the cerebrum responsible for sensory perception |
| occipital lobe | posterior portion of the cerebrum responsible for vision |
| temporal lobe | lateral portion of the cerebrum responsible for hearing, memory and receptive language |
| thalamus | sensory relay center |
| hypothalamus | temperature, satiety, and sleep regulation |
| basal ganglia | filters motor movements and reflexive movements |
| midbrain | visual reflexes |
| pons | pathway for tracts |
| medulla oblongata | connected to the spinal cord and contains respiratory and cardiac control centers |
| cerebellum | assists with coordination, equilibrium, muscle tone and posture |
| dura mater | most superficial layer of meninges |
| arachnoid mater | connects the dura mater and pia mater |
| pia mater | meninge directly on the surface of the brain |
| subarachnoid space | contains cerebrospinal fluid |
| circle of willis | blood flow that feeds the brain |
| internal carotid and vertebral arteries | feeds blood to the circle of willis |
| cauda equina | spinal nerve roots located in the vertebral foramen below the end of the spinal cord |
| filum terminale | ligament connecting the spinal cord to the coccyx |
| conus medullaris | end of the spinal cord located at L2 vertebrae |
| upper motor neuron | motor neuron that is located within the brain and spinal cord |
| lower motor neuron | motor neuron that begins in the spinal cord and exits into the periphery to innervate muscles |
| C8 nerve root | exits between the C7 and T1 vertebrae |
| cervical plexus | made up of C1-C4 spinal nerves |
| brachial plexus | made up of C5-T1 spinal nerves |
| lumbrosacral plexus | made up of L1-S5 spinal nerves |
| 5 peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus | musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, ulnar, median |
| radial nerve | located on the back of the upper extremity |
| median nerve | located on the lateral portion of the lower arm |
| ulnar nerve | located on the medial portion of the lower arm |
| musculocutaneous nerve | located on the medial portion of the upper arm |
| axillary nerve | located on the lateral and anterior shoulder |
| 5 peripheral nerves of the lumbrosacral plexus | femoral, obturator, sciatic, tibial and common fibular |
| femoral nerve | located on the anterior portion of the upper leg |
| obturator nerve | located on the medial portion of the upper leg |
| sciatic nerve | located on the posterior portion of the upper leg |
| tibial nerve | located on the posterior portion of the lower leg |
| common fibular nerve | located on the anterior and lateral portion of the lower leg |
| oculomotor nerve | 3rd cranial nerve |
| facial nerve | motor to facial muscles and sensory to tongue |
| glossopharyngeal nerve | sensory to tongue and motor to throat |
| spinal accessory nerve | 11th cranial nerve |
| trochlear nerve | motor to the eye muscles |
