| A | B |
|---|
| gymnosperms | produce seeds in cones |
| angiosperms | produce seeds in fruits |
| germination | seed sprouts |
| embryo | baby plant in seed |
| epicotyl | becomes leaves |
| hypocotyl | becomes stem |
| radicle | becomes roots |
| cotyledons | seed leaves |
| endosperm | stores food in monocot seed |
| fibrous roots | many branching roots (monocots) |
| tap root | one main root (dicots) |
| root cap | protects root tip |
| root hairs | absorbs water and minerals |
| xylem | transports water and minerals from roots |
| phloem | transports food from leaves |
| cortex | stores food |
| epidermis | outer layer of cells; protects |
| woody stems | xylem and phloem are in rings |
| herbaceous (nonwoody) stems | xylem and phloem are in bundles |
| cambium | adds new xylem and phloem each year |
| vascular bundle | made of xylem and phloem; scattered in monocots; ringed in dicots |
| outer bark | old inner bark that protects inside of tree |
| inner bark | made of phloem tubes that transport food |
| sapwood | made of xylem tubes that transport water and minerals |
| heartwood | old xylem; supports the tree |
| cuticle | waxy covering on leaf; prevents water loss |
| upper epidermis | top layer of cells; protects leaf |
| palisade layer | cells contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll; photosynthesis occurs here |
| spongy layer | loosely packed cell with air space; oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through |
| vein | made of xylem and phloem; parallel in monocots; branched in dicots |
| lower epidermis | bottom layer of cells; protects leaf |
| stomata | small openings in leaf; carbon dioxide enters; oxygen leaves |
| guard cells | open and close stomata |
| pistil | female (stigma, style, ovary) |
| stamen | male (anther, filament) |
| stigma | sticky top of pistil |
| style | passage from stigma to ovary |
| ovary | bottom of pistil containing ovules; becomes a fruit |
| ovules | contains eggs; becomes a seed |
| anther | produces pollen with sperm |
| filament | supports anther |
| petals | monocots are in 3's; dicots are in 4's, 5's |
| sepals | protect flower bud |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from stament to pistil |
| monocot | one cotyledon in seed; flower petals in 3's; parallel veins in leaves; vascular bundles scattered in stem; fibrous roots |
| dicot | 2 cotyledons in seed; flower petals in 4's or 5's; veins in leaves branched; vascular bundles in stem ringed; taproot systems |
| roots | absorb water, anchor plant, store food |
| stems | transports food and water, supports plant, stores food |
| leaves | make food for the plant |
| flowers | reproductive part of angiosperms |
