| A | B |
|---|
| Intelligence | the capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to a changing environment |
| Mental age | the level of intellectual functioning, which is compared to chronological age to give an IQ |
| Intelligence quotient | the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100; the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100 |
| Fluid intelligence | the ability to respond quickly to novel situations |
| Crystallized intelligence | accumulated skills, knowledge, and experience |
| Motive | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| Need | the biological or psychological requirements for the well-being of an organism |
| Drive | conditions of arousal or tension within an organism that motivate the organism; usually associated with a need |
| Self-actualization | according to Abraham Maslow, the self-motivated striving to reach one’s potential |
| Extrinsic rewards | something external given in response to the attainment of a goal, such as good grades |
| Intrinsic rewards | internal rewards, such as self- satisfaction, that are given in response to the attainment of a goal |
| Trait | an aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably consistent |
| Introvert | a person who tends to be interested in his or her own thoughts and feelings, and who turns inward rather than to other people for ideas and energy |
| Extrovert | a person who tends to be active and self- expressive, and who gains energy from interaction with others |
| Id | in psychoanalytic theory, the reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives |
| Ego | in psychoanalytic theory, the personality component that is conscious and that controls behavior |
| Superego | according to Freud, the part of personality that represents the individual’s internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment |
| Defense Mechanisms | psychological distortions used to remain psychologically stable or in balance |
| Archetypes | original models from which later forms develop; in Jung’s personality theory, archetypes are primitive images or concepts that reside in the collective unconscious |
| Self-concept | one’s view of oneself as an individual |
| Achievement | knowledge and skills gained from experience and education |
