| A | B |
|---|
| VALENCE ELECTRONS | ELECTRONS FOUND IN THE OUTER |
| ENERGY LEVEL | any of the poissible energies an electron may have in an atome |
| ORBITAL | A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| FAMILY | vertical column on periodic table, also known as a group; elements have similar chemical and physical properties and same number of valance electrons |
| PERIOD | horizontal row of elements; elements in the same row have same number of orbitals |
| LEWIS STRUCTURE | drawing of a molecule that illustrates the valence electrons for the element |
| ELECTRON CLOUD | current theory or model of the atom where electrons move three dimensionally within a given area |
| CATION | result of an element changing from neutral state to positive because the element gave up electrons |
| ANION | result of an element changing from neutral state to negative as a result of gaining electrons |
| ION | charged particle as a result of losing or gaining electrons |
| CORE ELECTRONS | electrons that are NOT in the outer orbital/shell of the atom |
| OCTET RULE | max of eight valence electrons; full outer shell |
| MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS | elements that do not include transition or rare earth metals |
| 3rd orbital or energy level | M shell |
| ELECTRONEGATIVITY | The ability for an atom to attract electron. |
| 6 | number of valence electrons for oxygen |
| single bond | A chemical bond formed when atoms share one pair of electrons. |
| double bond | A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons. |
| polar bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally. |
| non-polar bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally. |
| energy levels | What are shells also known as? |
| ionization | When an atom loses (or gains) an electron. |
| 7 | Number of principle energy levels |
| s, p, f, d | The four energy sub levels |
| metals | __________ are on the left side of the periodic table |
| nonmetal | _________ are on the right side of the table. |
| metalloids | _______ are located in a narrow stair-step region between the metals and the nonmetals |
| compounds | most of the matter around you is made up of _________ that include two or more different element |
| chemical bond | a _____ is a force that holds atoms together |
| energy level | the amount of energy an electron can have is a(n) __________ |
| least, most | electrons closest to the nucleus have the ________ energy; electrons farthest from the nucleus have the __________ energy |
| 2, 8 | the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level which is closest to the nucleus is ____________ the maximum number of electrons int the second energy is ________ |
| valence electron | a ______ is an outermost electron that participates in chemical bonding |
| bonds | the number of valence electrons in an atom tells you how many _______ an atom can form |
| oxidation number | a number assigned to an element in chemical combination which represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative), by an atom of that element in the compound. |
| +1 | oxidation number of sodium |
| -1 | oxidation number of chlorine |
| anion (negative) | What type of ion is chlorine? |
| cation (positive) | What type of ion is sodium? |
