| A | B |
|---|
| Genetics | Scientific study of hereditary. |
| Fertilization | Process of sexual reproduction in which male / female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. |
| Trait | Specific characteristic of an individual. |
| Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Gene | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait passed from parent to offspring |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Principle of dominance | Mendel's second conclusion states that some alleles are dominant and some are recessive |
| Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Gamete | Sex cell |
| Probability | Likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
| Punnett square | Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
| Independent Assortment | Mendel's principle states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| Incomplete Dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele. |
| Codominance | Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
| Multiple allele | A gene that has more than two allele |
| Polygenic Trait | Trait controlled by two or more genes |
| Polygenic Trait | Trait controlled by two or more genes |
| Homologous | Chromosomes in which one set comes from the male / one comes from the female parent |
| Diploid | Refers to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes. |
| Haploid | Refers to a cell that contains only a single set of genes |
| Meiosis | Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| Tetrad | Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis |
| Crossing-over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg |
