| A | B |
|---|
| geologist | a scientist who studies Earth |
| mineral | solid chemical matter formed in nature by Earth processes |
| physical property | a characteristic that can be observed like color, hardness streak, luster, and crystal pattern |
| hardness | the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched |
| streak | the color of the powdered mineral |
| luster | the kind of shine a mineral has when light strikes it |
| crystal | the visible shape of a mineral's atom pattern |
| rock | a solid mixture of one or more different minerals |
| magma | hot liquid material formed within Earth where temperatures are high |
| igneous rock | forms when magma cools |
| instrusive igneous rock | magma that cools deep in Earth forms |
| extrusive igneous rock | rocks that form on the surface from lava |
| sedimentary rock | layers of sediment become cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | formed by heat and pressure |
| ores | useful metal found in rocks |
| fossil | a record of ancient life on Earth |
| mummification | process of preservation by drying before animal bodies decay |
| mold | preserved hollow space left by a plant or anmal body |
| cast | sediments hardened into the form or shape of a plant or animal |
| petrified fossils | kind of fossil formed when wood or bone is replaced by minerals |
