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Chapter 15 - Nervous System & Common Psychiatric Terms

A comprehensive list of all the words and word affixes of Santa Fe College's Medical Terminology Chapter 15

AB
two parts of the nervous systemcentral nervous system (CNS) & peripheral nervous system (PNS)
central nervous system componentsbrain & spinal cord
peripheral nervous system componentscranial nerves (carry impulses between the brain, neck, & head) & spinal nerves (carry impulses between the spinal cord and abdomen, limbs, & chest)
brainmajor portion of the central nervous system
structure of cerebrumlargest portion of the brain, divided into right and left hemispeheres
function of cerebrumcontrols the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses (temperature, pain, touch), and contains centers for sight and hearing; intellect, memory, and emotional reactions all take place here
ventriclesspaces within the brain that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluidclear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord
structure of cerebellumlocated under the posterior portion of the cerebrum
function of cerebellumto assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance
brainstemstem-like portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord;10 of the 12 cranial nerves originate here
ponsconnects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem
medulla oblongatalocated between the pons and spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls
midbrainmost superior portion of the brainstem
structure of spinal cordpasses through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra
function of spinal cordconducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain
meningesthree layers of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
dura matertough outer layer of the meninges
arachnoiddelicate middle layer of the meninges that is loosely attached to the pia mater to allow for the subarachnoid space
pia materthin inner layer of the meninges
nervecord-like structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another
ganglion (pl. – ganglia)group of nerve bodies located outside the central nervous system
gliacells that form support and nourish nervous tissue that do not conduct impulses
types of gliaastroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia
neuronconducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system
-iatristspecialist, physician
-iatrytreatment, specialty
-ictalseizure
-paresisslight paralysis
cerebell/ocerebellum
cerebr/ocerebrum, brain
dur/ohard, dura mater
encephal/obrain
gangli/o, ganglion/oganglion
gli/oglia (neuroglia), gluey substance
mening/i, mening/omeninges
myel/ospinal cord
neur/onerve
radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/oproximal end of a peripheral nerve closest to the spinal cord
esthesi/osensation, sensitivity, feeling
ment/o, phren/o, psych/omind
mon/oone
phas/ospeech
poli/ogray matter
quadr/ifour
cerebellitisinflammation of the cerebellum
cerebral thrombosisblood clot in a blood vessel of the brain; a type of stroke
duritisinflammation of the dura mater
encephalitisinflammation of the brain
encephalomalaciasoftening of the brain
encephalomyeloradiculitisinflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve roots
gangliitisinflammation of the ganglion
glioblastomamalignant tumor composed of developing glial tissue
gliomatumor composed of the glial tissue; all primary neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord
meningitisinflammation of the meninges
meningiomabenign and slow growing tumor of the meninges
meningoceleprotrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or vertebral column
meningomyeloceleprotrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through the vertebral column
mononeuropathydisease affecting a single nerve
neuralgiapain in a nerve
neurasthenianerve weakness
neuritisinflammation of a nerve
neuroarthropathydiseases of nerves and joints
neuromatumor made up of nerve cells
neuropathydisease of the peripheral nerves
poliomyelitisinflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
polyneuritisinflammation of many nerves
polyneuropathydisease of many nerves



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