| A | B |
|---|
| AXIAL | forms the central axis of the body and includes the bones of the skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone of the throat, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage |
| APPENDICULAR | region of the skeleton composed of bones of upper and lower limbs |
| CARPALS | the eight bones of the wrist, which are arranged in two rows, a proximal and a distal row, each consisting of four bones |
| PHALANGES | any of the 14 tapering bones composing the fingers of each hand and the toes of each foot |
| CARTILAGE | tough, flexible, dense connective tissue--composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix |
| JOINTS | location at which two bones make contact. |
| TENDONS | Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone or to other muscles |
| LIGAMENTS | tough bands of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that binds the bone ends at the joint |
| BONE MARROW | soft blood-forming tissue that fills the cavities of bones and contains fat and immature and mature blood cells |
| FRACTURE | when the continuity of a bone is broken. There are many different types of fracture from greenstick, hairline, and compression to oblique, impacted, and longitudinal. |
| SPRAIN | abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a joint |
| STRAIN | stretch or tear of tendon or muscle |
| STERNUM | bone that connects the ribs--commonly called the breastbone |
| SCAPULA | flat, triangle-shaped bone that makes up a human’s shoulder blade |
| MANDIBLES | the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth |
| CRANIUM | skull part that encloses the brain |
| DIAPHYSIS | main or midsection of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue |
| EPIPHYSIS | the ossified part of the end of a mammalian limb bone or vertebra |
| PEROSTEUM | membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the articular surfaces of long bones |
| ENDOSTEUM | thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surfaces of all bones |
| MEDULLARY CANAL | marrow cavity of bone |
| LONG BONES | classification of bones that supporting vertebrate and consisting of an essentially cylindrical shaft that contains bone marrow and ends in enlarged heads for articulation with other bones Ex: femur |
| SHORT BONES | classification of bones with dimensions that are mostly equal and lack medullary cavity. Ex: phalanges |
| IRREGULAR BONES | classification of bones that has a complex form. Ex: vertebrate |
| FLAT BONES | classification of bone that is usually thin and curved whose primary purpose is to protect organs and produce blood cells Ex: scapula |
| FEMUR | proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that extends from the hip to the knee-- also called thighbone |
| FIBULA | long bone in the lower leg that is adjacent to the tibia |
| TIBIA | shinbone---larger and stronger of the two bones below the knee |
| TARSELS | any of the seven bones that make up the ankle and adjoining part of the foot |
| DIATHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF MOVEABLE JOINT |
| AMPHIARTHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF PARTIALLY MOVEABLE JOINT |
| SYNATHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF JOINT THAT DOESN'T MOVE |
| OSTEOPOROSIS | THINNING OF THE BONES |
| OSTEO | AFFIX REFERRING TO BONES |
| OSSIFICATION | process of turning cartilage into bone |
| FRACTURE | BONE BREAK |
| OSTEOBLASTS | bone forming cell |
| PATELLA | thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee |
| BONE | rigid organ comprised of connective tissue that forms the skeletal system of organisms classified as vertebrates |
| EPIDERMIS | outer skin layer made up of stratified squamous epithelial tissue |
| DERMIS | middle skin layer that circulates blood, contains sensory nerves, and |
| THICK SKIN | classification of skin with 5 layers of epidermis |
| THIN SKIN | classification of skin with 4 layers |
| HYPODERMIS | lower layer of the skin made up of fatty, adipose tissue |
| INTEGUMENTARY | made up of hair, sweat, oil glands, nails, and skin |
| MELANIN | color pigment found in hair, skin, and iris of the eye in animals |
| KERATINOCYTES | cells that are the building blocks of tough, fibrous keratin protein |
| KERATIN | protein that gives structure and waterproofing to hair, nails and outer skin layer |
| MELANOCYTE | synthesizes pigment that gives color to the skin |
| DERMIS | contains collagen, elastin, and nerve fibers |
| CAROTENE | a lipochrome, the least common skin pigment, that adds yellow color to the skin |
| HEMOGLOBIN | not a pigment, but a complex protein molecule. If oxygenated provides a pinkish tint to the skin and deoxygenated results in a bluish hue of the skin |
| supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body | What is the primary function of the respiratory system? |
| Nose/mouth epiglottis trachea vocal cords larynx bronchi bronchioles alveoli | What path does respiration take? |
| capillaries | small blood vessels with thin walls |
| LUNGS | Organ which allows oxygen to get to the blood and helps remove waste gasses such as carbon dioxide. |
| BRONCHI | tubes are lined with mucus and cilia to continue to help filter the air |
| AVEOLI | Clusters of thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries that allow for quick exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| CILIA | Microscopic hair-like structures that line the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi to help filter the air we breathe. |
| Circulatory and Digestive | Which two systems does the Respiratory System work with to release energy to the body? |
| ADIPOSE | used for the storage of fat |
| SKELETAL MUSCLE | muscle tissue that is attached to the bones and is involved in the functioning of different parts of the body. These muscles are also called voluntary muscles with striations |
| smooth muscle | involuntary without striations- found in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels |
| cardiac muscle | deals with heart which is involuntary with striations |
| striations | elongated fibers marked by transverse dark and light bands found in skeletal and cardiac muscles |
| histology | scientific study of tissues |
| apical | an anatomical term of location for features located opposite the base of an organism or structure |
