| A | B |
|---|
| hypothesis | proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
| experiments | 1) could have potential ethical issues (2) artificial environment creates low realism |
| correlational studies | cannot determine cause and effect |
| survey research | (1) low response rates (2) can’t verify the accuracy of an individual’s response |
| naturalistic observations | (1) people behave differently when they know they are being watched which could impact the results (Hawthorne effect) |
| case studies | (1) cannot generalize results to a wider population (2) difficult to replicate |
| longitudinal studies | (1) require large amounts of time (2) expensive |
| cross-sectional studies | (1) difficult to find a population that differs by only one factor (2) cannot measure changes over time |
