| A | B |
|---|
| DORSAL/POSTERIOR | back |
| LATERAL | Away from the midline of the body. Ex, the arms are lateral to the chest |
| PROXIMAL | Close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. Ex. The elbow is proximal to the wrist. The elbow is closer to the shoulder than the wrist is. |
| DISTAL | Farther from the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of the limb to the body trunk. Ex. The knee is distal the the thigh. |
| SUPERIOR | Toward the head or upper part of body. ABOVE Ex. Forehead is superior to the nose |
| INFERIOR | Away from head, lower part of body. BELOW Navel is inferior than to that breastbone |
| ANATOMY | the branch of morphology concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts. |
| PHYSIOLOGY | study of the functioning of living organisms, animal or plant, and of the functioning of their constituent tissues or cells |
| HISTOLOGY | cientific study of the microscopic structure of cells and tissues |
| TISSUES | group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit |
| HOMO | affix meaning "the same" |
| HETERO | affix meaning "different" |
| HOMEOSTASIS | A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly |
| ANTERIOR | Front of body Ex. The breastbone is anterior to the spine |
| POSTERIOR | Refers to back Ex.The heart is posterior to the breastbone |
| MEDIAL | TOWARD the midline of the body. Ex the heart is medial to the arm |
| SUPERFICIAL | Toward or at the body surface. Ex.The skin is superficial to the skeleton |
| DEEP | Away from the body surface, more internal. Ex. The lungs are deep to the rib cage. |
| SAGITTAL SECTION | A cut made along the lengthwise, longitudinal, planes of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts. Mirror images |
| TRANSVERSE/CROSS SECTION | A cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts. Also called cross section. |
| FRONTAL SECTION | a cut made along a lengthwise plane that divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts. It is also called s coronal section. |
| CORONAL SECTION | also called frontal section;a cut along a lenghtwise plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts. |
| CRANIAL CAVITY | space inside the bony skull |
| VENTRAL CAVITY | contains structures within the chest and abdomen. |
| THORACIC CAVITY | superior cavity is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the diaphragm. |
| MEDIASTINUM | separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity |
| ABDOMINAL CAVITY | superior cavity containing the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs |
| ANATOMICAL POSITION | standard position. the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward |
| DIRECTIONAL TERMS | terms used to explain where one body structure is in relation to another |
| SECTION | to cut |
| PLANE | imaginary line dividing into sections or parts |
| ANATOME | to dissect |
| ATOM | smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles |
| HOMEOSTASIS | the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems |
| HETERO | affix meaning "different" |
| CYTE | affix meaning "cell" |
| GROWTH | increase in size |
| REPRODUCTION | passing on DNA to offspring |
| MOVEMENT | change of position, motion of internal parts |
| RESPONSIVENESS | reacting to stimulus |
| METABOLISM | chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism that requires energy |
| ORGANIZATION | hierarchy of complex biological systems and structures |
| NORMAL RANGE | measurement of optimal body function |
| SET POINT | the level or point at which a variable physiological state tends to stabilize. |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP | a reaction that causes a decrease in function as a result of a stimulus |
| PHYS | affix meaning "nature, natural order" |
| SENSORY RECEPTORS | a structure that reacts to a physical stimulus in the environment, whether internal or external |
| EFFECTORS | muscles or glands that respond to deviation from the set point |
| HYPO | affix meaning "under, beneath, less than normal" |
| INTOXICATION | clinically significant behavioral or psychologic changes following the use of an outside substance |
| BI | affix meaning "2 parts" |
| POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP | reaction causing an increase in changes |
| NATREMIA | affix meaning "sodium in the blood" |
| STIMULUS | anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change, can be internal or external |
| NUTRIENTS | water, food, vitamins |
| ATMOSPHERIC (BAROMETRIC) PRESSURE | the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth |
| DIFFERENTIATION | process through which a cell undergoes changes in gene expression to become a more specific type of cell |
| CELL | the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body |
| ISM | affix meaning "state or condition" |
| CUTI | affix meaning "skin" |
| EPI | affix meaning "above/over" |
| AXIAL | region composed of head, neck, & trunk |
| APPENDICULAR | region composed of limbs extending from axial (arms & legs) |
| VISCERA | internal organs |
| EVISCERATE | internal organs are physically removed from the body |
| PRONE | the body position in which a person is lying flat on their front, face down |
| SUPINE | lying on the back or with the face upward |
