| A | B |
|---|
| rationalism | belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge |
| geocentric | the view that the earth is fixed and the center of the universe with all other objects revolving the Earth |
| heliocetric | the view of the universe that the sun is fixed and the center with everything revolving the sun |
| universe law of gravitation | law states in mathematical terms, that every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity. |
| inductive reasoning | reasoning from particle concepts to general concepts |
| empiricism | theory says knowledge is achieved through observation |
| philosphe | intellectuals of the French Enlightenmet |
| separation of powers | the idea that government is separated into branches that check the powers of each other branch |
| deism | religious philosophy based on reason and natural law, meaning God and created the universe and then allowed it to run without divine interference. |
| laissez - faire | economic term meaning let people to do as they want or government does not interfere in business |
| authorian | a method of governing that promoted strict obedience to rulers at the expense of personal freedom |
| social contract | Rousseau's concept a society agrees to be governed for the general will of the people not by individual self-interest |
| generation | usually is thought to be people born in a 20 year period |
| arbitary | subject to individual will or judgment without restriction |
| sovereignty | supreme power or authority |
| cryosphere | deals with the water in solid form on the planet, such as snow and ice |
| geosphere | solid exterior and interior of the earth (the ground) |
| biosphere | deals with all forms of life on the planet |
| atmosphere | deals with all the air surrounded the planet |
| hydrosphere | consists of all the water on the planet |
| geomethermal gradient | describes how temperature increases with depth beneath Earth's surface |
| biotic factors | living organisms that affect an environment |
| abiotic factors | nonliving components that affect an environment, such as climate |
| community | all the populations of organisms living together in an environment |
| ecosystem | organisms interacting with one another and with their physical environment |
| habitat | each species has its own preferred place to live |
| competition | species who compete for the same resources |
| predation | in one species hunts another for food |
| parasitism | one species benefits at the expense of the other |
| prey | the species that is eaten |
| predator | the species that eats another |
| commensalism | species directly benefits another, but does not affect the other |
| mutualism | when species directly benefit to each other |
| herbivore | species who only eats plants |
| carnivore | species who only eat meat (animals) |
| omnivore | species who eat plants and animals |
| detrivores | species who eat dead organic matter |
| scavengers | species who eat the remains of dead animals |
| decomposers | species that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organic matter or organic wastes |
| primary consumers | any organism that only eats producers |
| producers | organisms that convert light energy into chemical energy to produce biomass (plants) from inorganic resources |
| food chain | linear representation of the directional flow of energy from one organism to another organisms |
| food web | provides a more accurate representation of the flow of energy (feeding relationship)in a community because it includes connections between food chains |
| succession | the process in which destroyed ecosystems rebuild into new |
| pioneer species | the first species to colonize an area |
| exotic species | non native species in an ecosystem which may or may not have harmful effects. |
| plot | the events in a story |
| setting | place or time that a story is placed |
| characterization | how the author introduces the characters in a story |
| point of view | the "voice" of a story or who is telling the story |
| theme | the author's message |
| protagonist | considered the main character - most of the story involves |
| antagonist | in opposition to the main character |
| conflict | the problem; it is an essential piece of a story |
