| A | B |
|---|
| carbon based substance that is the basis of living matter | organic compound |
| essential element of living things | carbon |
| study of compounds containing carbon | organic chemistry |
| carbon's number of valance electrons | 4 |
| chemical shapes of organic compounds | straight chains, branched chains, & rings |
| affix meaning large | macro |
| large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together | macromolecules |
| an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds | molecule |
| molecules formed from repeating units of identical or nearly identical monomers linked by covalent bonds | polymers |
| the building blocks for biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins and carbohydrates. | monomers |
| 4 major classifications of macromolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| affix meaning many | poly |
| small molecule that reacts with a similar molecule to form a larger molecule | monomers |
| a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms | carbohydrate |
| a macromolecule that stores energy and provides barriers | lipid |
| affix meaning single or one | mono |
| macromolecule that is a source of energy and structural support | carbohydrate |
| the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units of carbohydrates | monosaccharide |
| affix meaning sugar | sacchar |
| multiple monosaccharides joined together to form a larger carbohydrate molecule | polysaccharide |
| important polysaccharide that breaks down into glucose | glycogen |
| an energy-rich compound and serves as energy storage. It consists of a glycerol and three fatty acids | triglyceride |
| examples of the macromolecule include fats, steroids, & phospholipids | lipids |
| affix meaning 2 | di |
| examples of this macromolecule include glucose, ribose, cellulose, chitin, and starch | carbohydrate |
| two monosaccharides joined together | disaccharide |
| macromolecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen | lipids |
| a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds | saturated fats |
| examples are sucrose and lactose | disaccharide |
| macromolecule that functions to store energy and provide barriers such as waxy coating on a leaf | lipids |
| substances such and lipids that don't dissolve in water | hydrophobic |
| affix meaning water | hydro |
| type of fat that is typically solid at room temperature | saturated fats |
| fatty acid which contains one carbon-carbon double bond | monounsaturated fats |
| fatty acid which contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond | polyunsaturated fats |
| affix meaning chemical aversion | phobic |
| responsible for the structure and function of cell membrane | phospholipid |
| group of lipids that include cholesterol and hormones | steroids |
| small compounds made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen | amino acids |
| consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid | proteins |
| macromolecule that stores and transmits genetic information | nucleic acids |
| macromolecule that transports substances, speeds reactions, provides structural support, and makes hormones | proteins |
| comprised of phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base | nucleotide |
| forms polymers by combining monomers by "removing" water | dehydration synthesis |
| affix meaning create, make, combine | synthesis |
| chemical reaction that uses water to break bonds within molecules. | hydrolysis |
| affix meaning decomposition, dissolution, destruction, loosening, breaking down, separation, or disintegration. | lysis |
| composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & phosphorous | nucleic acids |
| classification of fat that is solid at room temperature | saturated fats |
| "to split water" resulting in polymers being broken into monomers | hydrolysis |
| affix meaning to break down into simpler form | lysis |
| main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. Humans cannot digest this, but it is important in the diet as fibre | cellulose |
| monomers form polymers as a result of removing water | dehydration synthesis |
| water is absorbed splitting the monomers making up the polymers apart | hydrolysis |
