| A | B |
|---|
| AXIAL | forms the central axis of the body and includes the bones of the skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone of the throat, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage |
| APPENDICULAR | region of the skeleton composed of bones of upper and lower limbs |
| CARPALS | the eight bones of the wrist, which are arranged in two rows, a proximal and a distal row, each consisting of four bones |
| PHALANGES | any of the 14 tapering bones composing the fingers of each hand and the toes of each foot |
| CARTILAGE | tough, flexible, dense connective tissue--composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix |
| JOINTS | location at which two bones make contact. |
| TENDONS | Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone or to other muscles |
| LIGAMENTS | tough bands of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that binds the bone ends at the joint |
| BONE MARROW | soft blood-forming tissue that fills the cavities of bones and contains fat and immature and mature blood cells |
| FRACTURE | when the continuity of a bone is broken. There are many different types of fracture from greenstick, hairline, and compression to oblique, impacted, and longitudinal. |
| SPRAIN | abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a joint |
| STRAIN | stretch or tear of tendon or muscle |
| STERNUM | bone that connects the ribs--commonly called the breastbone |
| SCAPULA | flat, triangle-shaped bone that makes up a human’s shoulder blade |
| MANDIBLES | the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth |
| CRANIUM | skull part that encloses the brain |
| DIAPHYSIS | main or midsection of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue |
| EPIPHYSIS | the ossified part of the end of a mammalian limb bone or vertebra |
| PEROSTEUM | membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the articular surfaces of long bones |
| ENDOSTEUM | thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surfaces of all bones |
| MEDULLARY CANAL | marrow cavity of bone |
| LONG BONES | classification of bones that supporting vertebrate and consisting of an essentially cylindrical shaft that contains bone marrow and ends in enlarged heads for articulation with other bones Ex: femur |
| SHORT BONES | classification of bones with dimensions that are mostly equal and lack medullary cavity. Ex: phalanges |
| IRREGULAR BONES | classification of bones that has a complex form. Ex: vertebrate |
| FLAT BONES | classification of bone that is usually thin and curved whose primary purpose is to protect organs and produce blood cells Ex: scapula |
| CERVICAL VERTEBRATE | region composed of neck bones |
| THORACIC VERTEBRATE | region of vertebrate the ribs are attached to |
| LUMBAR VERTEBRATE | region of vertebrate between rib cage and pelvis |
| SACRUM VERTEBRATE | triangular -shaped bone lying between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the coccyx (tailbone) |
| COCCYX VERTEBRATE | last portion of the vertebral column just below the sacrum--commonly called the tailbone |
| FEMUR | proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that extends from the hip to the knee-- also called thighbone |
| FIBULA | long bone in the lower leg that is adjacent to the tibia |
| TIBIA | shinbone---larger and stronger of the two bones below the knee |
| TARSELS | any of the seven bones that make up the ankle and adjoining part of the foot |
| DIATHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF MOVEABLE JOINT |
| AMPHIARTHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF PARTIALLY MOVEABLE JOINT |
| SYNATHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF JOINT THAT DOESN'T MOVE |
| OSTEOPOROSIS | THINNING OF THE BONES |
| OSTEO | AFFIX REFERRING TO BONES |
| OSSIFICATION | process of turning cartilage into bone |
| FRACTURE | BONE BREAK |
| OSTEOBLASTS | bone forming cell |
| PATELLA | thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee |
| BONE | rigid organ comprised of connective tissue that forms the skeletal system of organisms classified as vertebrates |
| HEMATOPOIESIS | blood cell formation |
| HYOID BONE | small horseshoe-shaped bone located in the front of your neck. |
| PECTORAL GIRDLE | also known as the shoulder girdle, is the set of bones that connects the arm to the rest of the skeleton |
| PELVIC GIRDEL | a bony ring which is formed by the right and left hip bones, the coccyx and the sacrum |
| RED MARROW | produces blood |
| YELLOW MARROW | fat storage |
| COMPACT | also known as cortical bone, is a denser material used to create much of the hard structure of the skeleton |
| SPONGY | also known as cancellous bone or trabecular bone, is a very porous type of bone found in animals--highly vascularized |
| VOLMANN'S CANAL | any of the small channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that lie perpendicular to and communicate with the haversian canals. |
| Canaliculi | microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone; it serves the purpose of connecting the Haversian canals within the bone. |
| OSTEOCLASTS | a type of cell involved in remodeling bones and maintaining bone mass by dismantling bones, which is called bone resorption. In resorption, the components in bone are returned to the body for reuse. |
| OSTEOCYTE | a mature bone cell formed when an osteoblast becomes surrounded by its own matrix and entrapped in a lacunae |
| LACUNAE | location of osteocytes |
| LAMELLAE | layered, thin, rigid plate structure running parallel to the surface of a bone, allowing capillaries to carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the bone |
