| A | B |
|---|
| Virtue | for the Greeks especially, it meant "excellence," and in particular moral excellence |
| being virtuous, that is, having the habit of doing what is ethical | is necessary for happiness and, in fact, that's all you need to be happy, according to Socrates (and Plato) |
| What is good for Socrates? | Not pleasures and such things, but rather, moral goodness---choosing to do the ethical action. |
| What is evil for Socrates? | Not pain and such things, but rather, choosing to do the unethical action |
| Socrates said "it is better to suffer an injustice than to commit an injustice" because | doing what is unethical is the worst thing that can happen to a person |
| the three parts of the soul in Plato's tripartite view | the rational, the appetitive and the spirited |
| Which part of the soul is in control for the virtuous person, according to Plato? | the rational part |
| the virtue for the rational part of the soul | wisdom |
| the virtue for the appetitive part of the soul | temperance |
| the virtue for the spirited part of the soul | moral courage |
| the story of the Ring of Gyges | Involves gaining the power of invisibility and being able to do whatever one wants to do |
| Plato says the virtuous person who has the ring and can get away with doing anything wrong | will still do the ethical action because such a person does the right thing for its own sake and not for any other reason |
| If the rational part is not in control of the appetitive part | one can eat too much or play too many video games |
| If the rational part is not in control of the spirited part | one can get into a rage at someone breaks our pencil |
| If the rational part is not wise | one cannot perceive what the virtuous or reasonable choice is in an ethical problem |
| Socrates says virtue is a necessary and sufficient condition for happiness | happiness |
| When Socrates says virtue is a necessary condition for happiness...... | Socrates means that you have to behave ethically in order to be happy |
| When Socrates says virtue is a sufficient condition for happiness.... | Socrates means that all you need for happiness is being a good person---nothing else. |
| If someone can get away with doing the unethical action without being punished.... | it's like wearing the Ring of Gyges |
| In the first, most immature, stage of moral development for Kohlberg... | one does the ethical action in order to avoid being punished for doing the wrong thing |
| In the sixth, most mature, stage of moral development... | one does the ethical action for the principle of it---because it's the right thing to do |
| Plato says the virtuous person who wears the Ring of Gyges and thus can get away with being bad.... | still carries out ethical actions for their own sake, because it's the right thing to do |
