| A | B |
|---|
| carbon based substance that is the basis of living matter | organic compound |
| essential element of living things | carbon |
| affix meaning large | macro |
| large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together | macromolecules |
| molecules formed from repeating units of identical or nearly identical monomers linked by covalent bonds | polymers |
| the building blocks for biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins and carbohydrates. | monomers |
| 4 major classifications of macromolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| affix meaning many | poly |
| small molecule that reacts with a similar molecule to form a larger molecule | monomers |
| a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms | carbohydrate |
| a macromolecule that stores energy and provides barriers | lipid |
| affix meaning single or one | mono |
| macromolecule that is a source of energy and structural support | carbohydrate |
| the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units of carbohydrates | monosaccharide |
| affix meaning sugar | sacchar |
| multiple monosaccharides joined together to form a larger carbohydrate molecule | polysaccharide |
| important polysaccharide that breaks down into glucose | glycogen |
| an energy-rich compound and serves as energy storage. It consists of a glycerol and three fatty acids | triglyceride |
| examples of the macromolecule include fats, steroids, & phospholipids | lipids |
| affix meaning 2 | di |
| examples of this macromolecule include glucose, ribose, cellulose, chitin, and starch | carbohydrate |
| two monosaccharides joined together | disaccharide |
| macromolecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen | lipids |
| a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds | saturated fats |
| examples are sucrose and lactose | disaccharide |
| macromolecule that functions to store energy and provide barriers such as waxy coating on a leaf | lipids |
| substances such and lipids that don't dissolve in water | hydrophobic |
| affix meaning water | hydro |
| type of fat that is typically solid at room temperature | saturated fats |
| affix meaning chemical aversion | phobic |
| group of lipids that include cholesterol and hormones | steroids |
| small compounds made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen | amino acids |
| consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid | proteins |
| macromolecule that stores and transmits genetic information | nucleic acids |
| macromolecule that transports substances, speeds reactions, provides structural support, and makes hormones | proteins |
| comprised of phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base | nucleotide |
| forms polymers by combining monomers by "removing" water | dehydration synthesis |
| affix meaning create, make, combine | synthesis |
| chemical reaction that uses water to break bonds within molecules. | hydrolysis |
| affix meaning decomposition, dissolution, destruction, loosening, breaking down, separation, or disintegration. | lysis |
| composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & phosphorous | nucleic acids |
| classification of fat that is solid at room temperature | saturated fats |
| "to split water" resulting in polymers being broken into monomers | hydrolysis |
| affix meaning to break down into simpler form | lysis |
| main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. Humans cannot digest this, but it is important in the diet as fibre | cellulose |
| monomers form polymers as a result of removing water | dehydration synthesis |
| water is absorbed splitting the monomers making up the polymers apart | hydrolysis |
| all living things are made of ___ | cells |
| uni | one |
| all living things get bigger and change over time | growth & development |
| life comes from life | reproduction |
| living things react to changes in environment | response to stimulus |
| An act of changing physical location or position or of having this changed. | movement |
| unicellular | single celled |
| The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. | respiration |
| The process by which your body takes in and uses food to produce energy and build cells | nutrition |
| The process by which wastes are removed from the body | excretion |
| a complete living thing | organism |
| total of all the chemical reactions in an organism | metabolism |
| process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. | DNA |
| Classification of unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | prokaryote |
| Classification of a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | eukaryote |
| have characteristics of living things | organisms |
| Processes or activities, common to all living things | Life Functions |
| The life processess in which the organism obtains (gets) and processes food | Nutrition |
| Organisms that are able to make their own food | Autotrophs |
| Organisms that are NOT able to make their own food | Heterotrophs |
| The way food is taken into an organism from its environment | Ingestion |
| The process that changes food into a form that can be used by the cell | digestion |
| The life process that includes the absorption and circulation of materials throughout the organism | transport |
| The movement of materials to and from the cells, within cells, and/or throught an organism | Circulation |
| The removal of waste materials produced in the cells as a result of life activities | Excretion |
| The process that removes undigested materials from the body | Egestion |
| The life process responsible for the control and coordination of all the various activities of an organism | Regulation |
| A change in the internal or external environment | Stimulus |
| The process of producing complex substances from simpler substances | Synthesis |
| An increase in the size and/or number of cells of an organism | Growth |
| The process of moving from place to place | Locomotion |
| inherited trait that gives individual organisms an advantage in survival and can be passed on to other generations. | adaptation |
| affix for "equal" | iso |
| affix for "share" | co |
| affix for "other" | ad |
| affix for "larger" | macro |
| affix for "two" | bi or di |
| affix for "multiple" | poly |
| affix for "water" | hydro |
| affix for "single" | mono |
| affix for "sugar" | sacchar |
| affix for "aversion" | phobic |
| affix for "attraction" | philic |
| affix for "names of sugars" | ose |
| affix for "separation or break down" | lysis |
| the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind | cohesion |
| affix for "to stick together" | hesion |
| affix for "mini or tiny" | micro |
| the attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind | adhesion |
| the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. | activation energy |
| the specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme. | active site |
| a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. | catalyst |
| the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared by two atoms. | covalent |
| special proteins, which are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. | enzymes |
| a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. | hydrogen bond |
| an electrical attraction formed between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. | ionic bond |
| the substance formed during a chemical reaction. | product |
| the starting substance for a chemical reaction. | reactant |
| the reactant that bind to an enzyme. | substrates |
| the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances. | chemical reaction |
| a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine. | compound |
| the energy that must be provided to compounds to result in a chemical reaction | activation energy |
| a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. | catalyst |
| a special protein produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. | enzyme |
| proteins that act as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). | enzyme |
| occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance | chemical change |
| hanges affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition | physical change |
| number of atoms of each element on reactant side equal the number of atoms of each element on product side of the equation | balanced equation |
| a number or figure put before a chemical formula to indicate how many times the formula is to be multiplied | coefficient |
| type of reaction that releases energy in the form of heat | exothermic |
| affix for outside | exo |
| affix for heat energy | therm |
| affix for within, inside, internal | endo |
| type of reaction that absorbs heat energy | endothermic |
| affix "-ase" | enzyme |
| organic nonprotein molecules that bind with the protein molecule | coenzyme |
| enzymes are no longer active and cannot function | denatured |
| number lower right of an element that tells the number of atoms of that element | subscript |
| large number in front of an element or compound that indicates the number of molecules involved in the reaction | coefficient |
| proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions | enzyme |
| The part of an enzyme where the substrate molecule binds | active site |
| the energy required to be supplied to the chemicals before the reaction will start | activation energy |
| Require energy to build new molecules from simpler molecules | anabolic reactions |
| reaction that break down molecules and gain their energy | catabolic reactions |
