| A | B |
|---|
| militia | citizens trained as soldiers; not part of regular army |
| French and Indian War | 1754-1763; fought between England and France; a.k.a. Seven Years War |
| George Washington in the French and Indian War | Sent by VA governor to order French to leave territory between Ohio River and Lake Erie; he surrendered and went home |
| Fort Necessity | built by Washington to counter the French Fort Duquesne; surrendered |
| Albany Congress | Meeting the British called to gather the colonists; intended to create an alliance against the French |
| Benjamin Franklin | published "Join, or Die" to motivate colonies to join Union in order to resist French |
| Albany Plan of Union | drafted by Ben Franklin to organize union to form army and pay taxes; the colonies rejected it |
| General Braddock | Led force of British troops in red uniforms in formation; defeated by French troops and Native Americans |
| Treaty of Paris | 1783 agreement in which France ceded French Canada and other N. American territory to Great Britain |
| Pontiac's War | Leader of Ottawa nation led attack of British forts and settlements; many losses on both sides, but British had victory in 1764 |
| Proclamation of 1763 | banned colonial settlement west of Appalachians; angered colonists |
| Sugar Act | 1764; tax on sugar and molasses and harsh punishment for smuggled goods |
| Quartering Act | colonists required to house the 10,000 British soldiers who were sent to enforce Proclamation of 1763 |
| Stamp Act | 1765; British tax on newspapers, documents, wills, licenses, etc. |
| Patrick Henry | Future VA governor; protested Stamp Act; said, "Give me liberty or give me death!" |
| boycott | organized campaign to refuse to buy products |
| petition | written request to a government |
| Declaratory Act | passed in 1766 when Stamp Act repealed; gave Parliament total authority over colonies |
| Parliament | part of the British government in which members make laws for the British peopl |
| Writs of Assistance | court orders that allowed officials to make searches without explanation |
| Townshend Acts | allowed customs officers to find illegal goods using Writs of Assistance |
| Boston Massacre | 1770; angry crowd surrounded British soldiers who shot into crowd, killing 5 |
| John Adams | defended soldiers involved in Boston Massacre because he believed every person had right to fair trial |
| Crispus Attucks | African-American sailor; killed in Boston Massacre |
| Committees of Correspondence | established to inform colonists of British actions; intended to unite colonists |
| Samuel Adams | established Committees of Correspondence |
| Thomas Hutchinson | Governor of Massachusetts; loyalist |
| loyalists | colonists who supported British monarch and laws |
| patriots | colonists who fought for independence |
| Tea Act | 1773; intended to help British East India Tea Company; allowed tea to ship directly to colonies and reduced price |
| Tea Act | Even though it reduced price of tea, colonists opposed it since it gave monopoly to Brit. East India Tea Company |
| monopoly | total control of a market for a product |
| Boston Tea Party | 1773; colonists dressed as Native Americans dumped 90,000 pounds of tea |
| Intolerable Acts | 1774; in response to Boston Tea Party, King George wanted to make an example of Boston and MA |
| Intolerable Acts | 1774; 1) closed port of Boston; 2) increased powers of royal governor; 3) abolished upper house of MA legislature; 4) cut powers of town meetings; 5) strengthened the Quartering Act; 6) required those accused of murdering British officials would be tried in Britain |
| Quebec Act | 1774; claimed land between Ohio and Missouri Rivers as part of Canada; took western lands from colonists |
| First Continental Congress | 1774 in Philadelphia; all colonies except Georgia present; demanded repeal of Intolerable Acts, called for new boycott of Br. goods; called for training of militia |
| minutemen | citizen soldiers who could be ready to fight at minute's notice |
| Paul Revere and William Dawes | warned minutemen that Gage sent troops; led to minutemen ambushing the attempt to seize weapons in Concord |
| The Shot Heard Round the World | April 18, 1775; first shot(s) of American Revolution at Lexington and Concord |
| Sons of Liberty | workers who gathered to protest colonial trade with the East India Tea Company |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Britain recognized independence; colonists paid for goods they supplied to soldiers |
| Treat of Paris 1783 Geography | Boundaries: Canada to North; Atlantic to East; Mississippi to West; Florida returned to Spain |
| 2nd Continental Congress | 1775; all thirteen colonies gathered; composed Declaration of Independence |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independence as part of 2nd Continental Congress |
| Hessians | German mercenaries who fought on side of British |
| mercenaries | soldiers paid to fight for country other than their own |
| Trenton | Hessians were attacked and captured by Washington and troops in 1776; |
| Washington Crossed the Delaware | with troops on Christmas, 1776, to attack hessions in Trenton |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 Property | colonists had to be paid for what they lost; property taken in the war had to be returned |
| Ben Franklin | ambassador to France; helped negotiate peace; led initial pleas to colonists for unity |
| Thomas Paine | wrote Common Sense and galvanized colonists to take action |
| Baron von Steuben | German Baron; trained colonial soldiers |
| Bernardo de Galve | Louisiana Governor who supplied money and ammunition on behalf of Spain |
| Saratoga | British hoped to isolate New England but they failed; convinced Europeans to help |
| Yorktown | Washington cornered Cornwallis, who surrendered; last major battle of war |
| Bunker Hill | 1775; British won but suffered great losses; showed strengths of colonists |
| Marquis de Lafayette | French soldier who became officer and friend in Washington's army |
| Benedict Arnold | felt undervalued; planned to turn West Point over to British |
| Casimir Pulaski | Polish volunteer who trained cavalry, troops on horseback |
| French Revolution | partly inspired by American Revolution |
| Tories | a loyalist; colonist who supported British |
